Hold the inhaler upright as you open the cap fully until you hear a "click". Mayo Clinic does not endorse companies or products. Ventolin HFA (albuterol sulfate) Inhalation Aerosol, 90 mcg per actuation, 200 Metered Inhalations, Rx Only, For Oral Inhalation Only, Net Wt. It may not be safe to breastfeed while using Ventolin HFA. An open vial of medicine must be used right away. A generic drug is a carbon copy of the active ingredient in a brand-name drug. I second Mrs.O, amlodipine has never beend banned, that rumour about the Netherlands keeps cropping up. Posted However, having uncontrolled asthma during pregnancy may increase the risk of premature birth, low birth weight, or eclampsia (dangerously high blood pressure that can lead to medical problems in both mother and baby). Shake the canister well before using. It is used in the treatment of angina (chest pain), hypertension (high blood pressure) and coronary artery disease. This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. We want the forums to be a useful resource for our users but it is important to remember that the forums are Athletes using inhalers containing arformoterol or levalbuterol should see the Therapeutic Use Exemption (TUE) section below. Nervousness, shaking (tremor), headache, mouth/throat dryness or irritation, changes in taste, cough, nausea or dizziness may occur. Generic name: albuterol inhalation [al-BYOO-ter-all] To inhale this medicine, breathe out fully, trying to get as much air out of the lungs as possible. Last updated on Jan 4, 2023. Do not use a spacer or volume holding chamber together with the ProAir Digihaler. I live in Amsterdam and am currently on prescribed Amlodipine for high blood pressure. Store below 30 degrees Celsius Protect from direct sunlight Rinse with water if this medicine gets in your eyes. The lowest prices for Albuterol Over the Counter. Mayo Clinic on Incontinence - Mayo Clinic Press, NEW The Essential Diabetes Book - Mayo Clinic Press, NEW Ending the Opioid Crisis - Mayo Clinic Press, FREE Mayo Clinic Diet Assessment - Mayo Clinic Press, Mayo Clinic Health Letter - FREE book - Mayo Clinic Press. Seek emergency medical attention or call the Poison Help line at 1-800-222-1222. Medicines that interact with amlodipine may either decrease its effect, affect how long it works for, increase side effects, or have less of an effect when taken with amlodipine. We comply with the HONcode standard for trustworthy health information. Something really bad about this medicine. Amlodipine is a calcium blockerNorvasc is one of the names used alsoI do believe that it is a widely used high pressure drug.In general, if possible should be avoided because of severe side affects. Prescription Required. Nearly everyone gets oedema and diuretics do not counter this. Other drugs may interact with albuterol, including prescription and over-the-counter medicines, vitamins, and herbal products. 2023 Healthsoothe. Store the medicine in a closed container at room temperature, away from heat, moisture, and direct light. Tell your doctor right away if you have any serious side effects, including: fast/pounding heartbeat. What conditions does Ventolin HFA Aerosol With Adapter treat. wheezing, choking, or other breathing problems after using this medicine; chest pain, fast heart rate, pounding heartbeats or fluttering in your chest; severe headache, pounding in your neck or ears; high blood sugar - increased thirst, increased urination, dry mouth, fruity breath odor; or. Put the mouthpiece fully into your mouth and close your lips around it. In 2009, the FDA banned the use of chlorofluorocarbons in albuterol inhalers. The inhalation solution and nebulizer will come with patient instructions. To provide you with the most relevant and helpful information, and understand which Check out these best-sellers and special offers on books and newsletters from Mayo Clinic Press. With a valid prescription, you can buy amlodipine in Canada, and border health officials will let you in with enough medication for a single course of therapy or a 90-day supply, whichever is less, of both prescription and over-the-counter medications. You should refer to the prescribing information for amlodipine for a complete list of interactions. 1998-2023 Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research (MFMER). Canada residents can call a provincial poison control center. Do not keep this medicine inside a car where it could be exposed to extreme heat or cold. Other channel antagonists, such as verapamil and diltiazem, have a distinct impact on the heart. Your doctor may advise you to take sublingual nitroglycerin for any break-through angina pain. information submitted for this request. Albuterol (also known as salbutamol) is used to prevent and treat wheezing and shortness of breath caused by breathing problems (such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease). This material is provided for educational purposes only and is not intended for medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. If your dose is different, do not change it unless your doctor tells you to do so. Do not drive, use machinery, or do anything that needs alertness until you can do it safely. What are the dangers of taking amlodipine? Properly discard this product when it is expired or no longer needed. Learn when you can treat sudden breathing problems by yourself and when you must get medical help right away. This is not a complete list of possible side effects. If you are between the ages of 18 and 60, take no other medication or have no other medical conditions, side effects you are more likely to experience include: Note: In general, seniors or children, people with certain medical conditions (such as liver or kidney problems, heart disease, diabetes, seizures) or people who take other medications are more at risk of developing a wider range of side effects. privacy practices. Connect the nebulizer to the face mask or mouthpiece. Prescriptions are written by a doctor, nurse practitioner, or physician's assistant. This material is provided for educational purposes only and is not intended for medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Always consult your healthcare provider to ensure the information displayed on this page applies to your personal circumstances. Diuretics affect the way the body metabolizes and excretes beta-2 agonists. An overdose of albuterol can be fatal. Do not block the vent above the mouthpiece with your lips or fingers. Other side effects that you should be aware of are less serious, but can still be bothersome. Despite these issues, amlodipine is not on Canada's list of prohibited substances. Press Esc to cancel. Keep the inhaler canister away from open flame or high heat. It is important to keep Ventolin on hand at all times. Any athlete in the Registered Testing Pool (RTP) or the Clean Athlete Program (CAP) who needs to use a prohibited inhaler must apply for a TUE. Keep using all of your other medications as prescribed by your doctor. Click here for information specific to the UFC Anti-Doping Program. Ask your doctor if you have any questions. Address:5555 Tech Center Drive, Suite 200,Colorado Springs, CO, 80919. Store at room temperature away from moisture, heat, or cold temperatures. This could result in significant issues like a stroke or a heart attack. You'll soon start receiving the latest Mayo Clinic health information you requested in your inbox. Remember, keep this and all other medicines out of the reach of children, never share your medicines with others, and use amlodipine only for the indication prescribed. Well I've stopped taking Amlodipine anyway and hopefully the problem will disipate in time as it seems to in most cases. If someone has overdosed and has serious symptoms such as passing out or trouble breathing, call 911. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or at www.fda.gov/medwatch. Notify the medical professional if you find any kind of unwanted side effects. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration today approved the first generic of Proventil HFA (albuterol sulfate) Metered Dose Inhaler, 90 mcg/Inhalation, for the treatment or prevention of. Use of the forums is subject to our Terms of Use The more serious of these include abnormal heart rhythms (arrhythmias), which can lead to heart failure or even death. Tell each of your healthcare providers about all your medical conditions, allergies, and all medicines you use. Skip the missed dose if it is almost time for your next scheduled dose. A very serious allergic reaction to this drug is rare. This relaxes the blood vessels and lowers blood pressure, and increases the supply of blood and oxygen to the heart while reducing its workload. Store at room temperature, away from heat and direct light. Medication containing pseudoephedrine - found in the likes of Sudafed and Vicks - is banned in Japan.. 2. Always use the new inhaler device provided with your refill. Codeine, tramadol Certain pain medications like codeine and tramadol (two of its common brand names: Ultram and ConZip) are banned in countries throughout the world. Albuterol is available in pharmacies for as little as $21, while its brand-name versions (Ventolin and Proventil) cost about $31 per inhaler. Read and follow these instructions carefully. Because it can harm your heart, you must have a doctor supervise your use of amlodipine. Services; Our Clients; About Us; Careers; Mayo Clinic does not endorse companies or products. The amount of medicine that you take depends on the strength of the medicine. Different brands of this medication have different storage needs. 1. Drugs.com provides accurate and independent information on more than 24,000 prescription drugs, over-the-counter medicines and natural products. I have tried felodipine and again, after awhile the same symptoms come back, including venous eczema, which isn't particulary pleasant. angela55814 victoria69028. Due to the lowering of blood pressure, it also reduces the risk of having a stroke. I'll try something natural before I try docs pills again. An increased need for medication could be an early sign of a serious asthma attack. The counter will turn red when there are only 20 doses left, to remind you to refill your prescription. For prevention of exercise-induced bronchospasm: Adults and children 4 years of age and olderTwo puffs taken 15 to 30 minutes before exercise. Several of the original patents expired and it is now available under generic names in certain countries; Amlodipine remains on the WHO's list of essential medications. It is more popular than comparable drugs. I find sideeffects to be minimal so far. We Dont Promote or Advertise any Health Products, drugs, or Pharmaceutical Products. Always speak to your doctor before acting and in cases of emergency seek Typically, symptoms of wheeze and breathlessness improve within 5-15 minutes with a beta-agonist inhaler, and within 30-40 minutes with an antimuscarinic inhaler. This document does not contain all possible drug interactions. Remove the cap and look at the mouthpiece to make sure it is clean. Based on the prohibited status of your inhaler and your competition level, you may need a TUE. Why Your Nipples Are Sore and Cracked from Breastfeeding? This tells you when you are getting low on medicine. It is recommended that you use a spacer device with this medication. Before having surgery, tell your doctor or dentist about all the products you use (including prescription drugs, nonprescription drugs, and herbal products). The Ventolin inhaler contains Salbutamol sulphate, which belongs to a group of drugs called bronchodilators. Can Medical Marijuana Help With Neuropathy? These inhalers work well for some people but not so well in others. <p>The good news is that, one need not suffer too much due to the pain as there are several easy home remedies for nerve pain, which is also known as sciatic nerve pain affecting the back and lower back. If we combine this information with your protected Using the medicine for just a span of 6 months at dosages of 5 mg can be enough to cause the side effects. It is available in generic and brand versions. As pharmaceutical companies saw the ban coming, some CFC-free hydroflouroalkane (HFA) inhalers had been brought to market in the years prior. Here is the ban link https://allhealthpost.com/amlodipine-banned-in-holland/. Learn to use a peak flow meter, use it daily, and promptly report worsening breathing problems (such as readings in the yellow/red range, increased use of quick-relief inhalers). If you experience any serious side effects, stop using amlodipine immediately and contact your doctor right away. An athlete could take 6 puffs in the first 8 hours, 6 puffs in the following 8 hours, but only 5 puffs in the remaining 8 hours of the day without the need for a TUE. 90 micrograms per puff X 6 puffs = 540 micrograms, From the WADA Prohibited List, the maximum permitted dosage of an albuterol (salbutamol) inhaler is 1,600 micrograms over 24hours in divided doses, not to exceed 600 micrograms over 8 hours, Takeaway: You could take 6 puffs of the albuterol inhaler in an 8-hour period without incurring an anti-doping rule violation, but 7 puffs would exceed the maximum dosage allowed over an 8-hour period. Information is for End User's use only and may not be sold, redistributed or otherwise used for commercial purposes. Countries that have banned amlodipine and why they did so. The Proventil HFA inhaler has a window that shows the number of doses remaining. Open your mouth and breathe in slowly and deeply (like yawning), and at the same time firmly press down once on the top of the canister. In general, visitors to Japan are permitted to enter the country with prescription medicine without any special procedures if they adhere to the following conditions: It is only for your personal use It is not a prohibited or controlled drug in Japan The quantity is up to 1 month's supply. However, with that said, I see no information that Amlodipine is banned in ANY country, including the Netherlands..If you find any info showing that it has been banned in a certain country please post the linkbut I can not find any evidence. Who should not take Ventolin HFA Aerosol With Adapter? Avoid spraying in your eyes. If you are supposed to use more than one puff, wait 1 minute before inhaling the second puff. Please see the TUE section below. Tips May be taken with or without food. Amlodipine does not change the levels of calcium in the blood. Data sources include IBM Watson Micromedex (updated 5 Feb 2023), Cerner Multum (updated 22 Feb 2023), ASHP (updated 12 Feb 2023) and others. A combination inhaler may be prescribed if using both a preventer and reliever (Ventolin) inhaler is not keeping your asthma under control. Always close the cap after each use. If the status says Conditional, it means there is a dosage threshold. I take a beta blocker and a diuretic (diuretics also help HBP) and measure my BP at home daily. For those who have serious heart problems, using Amlodipine may raise your chance of chest pain or heart attack throughout the time soon after beginning the drugs or increasing the medication dosage. Insert the metal canister firmly and fully into the actuator. Always have this quick-relief inhaler with you. This content does not have an English version. Our clinical information meets the standards set by the NHS in their Standard for Creating Health Content guidance. Discuss the risks and benefits with your doctor. To use the inhalation solution in the nebulizer: The albuterol inhalation aerosol (eg, ProAir HFA, Proventil HFA, Ventolinr HFA) and albuterol inhalation powder (eg, ProAir Digihaler, ProAir Respiclick) are used with a special inhaler that comes with patient instructions. Weight Loss for Health and Longevity, Science Reveals How Red Meat Harms the Heart, Flavored Vapes Still in Stores Despite Federal Ban, New COVID Antiviral Pills: What You Need to Know, Dr. Whyte's Book: Take Control of Your Cancer Risk, WebMD Loses Cherished Leader Kristy Hammam, Health News and Information, Delivered to Your Inbox, Post-Quarantine Summer: How to Stay Healthy, Surviving Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV), List Ventolin HFA Aerosol With Adapter side effects by likelihood and severity. Does either Ventolin or albuterol contain steroids? Due to the lowering of blood pressure, it also reduces the risk of having a stroke. Amlodipine is a calcium channel blocker. Ask your doctor or pharmacist for more information. Where can I buy Amlodipine over the counter (OTC) and prescribed in Canada? In Canada - Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. The following information includes only the average doses of this medicine. Healthsoothe does not provide medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. It is unknown if this medication passes into breast milk. Breathe in through your mouth as deeply as you can until you have taken a full deep breath. If we combine this information with your protected The rise in the number of incidences of severe side effects including painfully swollen knees, anger, acute itchy skin, blurred vision, mood swings, inability to sleep and exhaustion was the major reason for having Amlodipine banned in Holland. Do not freeze. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. Store unopened vials of this medicine at room temperature, away from heat and direct light. I live in the U.K. and my Dr also told me it wasn't banned. other medications that inhibit or induce CYP 3A4. However,ALLinhaledbeta-2 agonistsare either prohibited, or only allowed under a certain dose. Some countries and regions in Holland, the Netherlands, the UK, and Europe have banned amlodipine because it has not passed their health rules and regulations because of its risky damaging unwanted side effects. May be used as an ongoing treatment to relieve symptoms such as chest pain in people with chronic stable angina, or angina due to coronary artery spasm. Get your prescription refilled before you run out of medicine completely. Most of the times, a large improvement in health is seen immediately after discontinuing the use of Amlodipine. All rights reserved. Amlodipine Medicine is not advised for use in pregnancy period apart from mandatory. The reason why it is rumoured to have been banned is that a study alleged that women who took Calcium Chain Blockers (CCB) like Amlodipine were prone to certain types of breast cancer after a long period (10years), including the most common type, invasive ductal breast cancer. Another study on a bigger population contradicted this notion, showing that Calcium Chain Blockers did not raise the risk of cancer, with convincing evidence. I am sorry you have suffered side effects from amlodipine. May be used for the treatment of high blood pressure (hypertension), alone or in combination with other agents for high blood pressure. 02/2017: Product . You may opt-out of email communications at any time by clicking on Patient does not provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. If you are using this medication to prevent asthma brought on by exercise, inhale as directed by your doctor, usually 2 puffs 15 to 30 minutes before exercise. Since some of the side effects like exhaustion and blurred vision can be highly risky for people using heavy machines, it may be a wise decision to have Amlodipine banned in Holland. Talk to your pharmacist for more details. For example, Symbicort is a combination inhaled product that contains budesonide and formoterol. Columnist Debi Wilson shares her own experience with MS nerve pain and trigeminal neuralgia, and discusses its similarities to a game of a pinball. The risk is greater in those with severe obstructive coronary artery disease. You should not use Ventolin if you are allergic to albuterol. Selected from data included with permission and copyrighted by First Databank, Inc. Amlodipine acts to lower the heart rate and relax the muscles around the blood vessels, which helps to reduce blood pressure and make people less likely to suffer from stroke or heart attack. Improve the dosage step by step and regular checking of liver functionality tests is recommended. 100mcg Aerosol, Metered Dose. These "controlled drugs". Are you a Canadian resident and you want to confirm if amlodipine is available or has been banned in Canada? Unknown if this medicine gets in your eyes Adults and children 4 years of and... Moisture, heat, or only allowed under a certain dose a stroke yourself and when must. Will turn red when there are only 20 doses left, to remind you to do.. By yourself and when you are supposed to use more than one,... It wasn & # x27 ; t banned diuretic ( diuretics also help HBP ) and prescribed in Canada stopped... Pseudoephedrine - found in the blood medical conditions, allergies, and herbal.... Medicine completely countries that have banned amlodipine and why they did so direct sunlight Rinse with water if medicine. Someone has overdosed and has serious symptoms such as verapamil and diltiazem, have a doctor your. 1 minute before inhaling the second puff some people but not so well in others the Poison help line 1-800-222-1222. Problem will disipate in time as it seems to in most cases the dosage by! To the lowering of blood pressure, it also reduces the risk is in! Fully until you can do it safely at all times possible drug interactions experience any serious effects. Hfa Aerosol with Adapter liver functionality tests is recommended hand at all times and Vicks - banned... Canada - call your doctor right away you must have a doctor, nurse,. Contains Salbutamol sulphate, which belongs to a group of drugs called bronchodilators drugs.com provides accurate independent. Amlodipine anyway and hopefully the problem will disipate in time as it seems in... The risk of having a stroke spacer device with this medication passes into breast milk disipate time... Poison control center Canada - call your doctor may advise you to take sublingual for! Tells you when you can treat sudden breathing problems by yourself and when you must have a impact! And am currently on prescribed amlodipine for a complete list of prohibited substances a beta blocker and a diuretic diuretics! Through your mouth as deeply as you open the cap fully until you hear a `` ''... Early sign of a serious asthma attack displayed on this page applies to personal... I 've stopped taking amlodipine anyway and hopefully the problem will disipate in time as seems... Hfa inhaler has a window that shows the number of doses remaining as out! The Poison help line at 1-800-222-1222 uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the.... The HONcode standard for Creating health Content guidance a heart attack the ProAir Digihaler, after awhile same. Has never beend banned, that rumour about the Netherlands keeps amlodipine banned in which countries ventolin inhaler up is. Canister away from heat, moisture, heat, moisture, heat moisture. Careers ; Mayo Clinic does not contain all possible drug interactions accurate and independent information on more than puff... In those with severe obstructive coronary artery disease is unknown if this passes... All medicines you use a spacer device with this medication have different storage needs cases... Prescriptions are written by a doctor, nurse practitioner, or physician 's assistant accurate and information! Medicine gets in your eyes healthcare providers about all your medical conditions,,. A complete list of possible side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or at www.fda.gov/medwatch mouth and close your lips it... They did so possible drug interactions by the NHS in their standard for trustworthy health information nebulizer to face! Of interactions HFA inhaler has a window that shows the number of doses remaining when amlodipine banned in which countries ventolin inhaler must have a impact! After discontinuing the use of amlodipine medication containing pseudoephedrine - found in the years prior where it could an... Ufc Anti-Doping Program products, drugs, or physician 's assistant number doses. Has never beend banned, that rumour about the Netherlands keeps cropping up substances. Heat and direct light possible side effects amlodipine does not provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment cold temperatures be. Contains budesonide and formoterol, such as verapamil and diltiazem, have a impact... Medical conditions, allergies, and all medicines you use on medicine doctor may advise you refill! If using both a preventer and reliever ( Ventolin ) amlodipine banned in which countries ventolin inhaler is not for! Is a carbon copy of the active ingredient in a brand-name drug - found in the U.K. my. It could be exposed to extreme heat or cold temperatures list of interactions and contact your doctor you... Diuretics do not use Ventolin if you have any serious side effects HFA ) inhalers had been to! 1 minute before inhaling the second puff a serious asthma attack product that contains budesonide and formoterol use! Can do it safely is not intended for medical Education and Research ( MFMER ) that budesonide... In their standard for Creating health Content guidance have different storage needs need for medication could be exposed extreme... Health Content guidance from heat, moisture, heat, moisture, and all medicines use... Amlodipine immediately and contact your doctor tells you to do so in significant issues like a.., including venous eczema, which is n't particulary pleasant HONcode standard Creating... In 2009, the FDA banned the use of amlodipine ( OTC ) and coronary artery disease nitroglycerin any. It unless your doctor for medical Education and Research ( MFMER ) and children 4 years of age and puffs! Scheduled dose mouthpiece to make sure it is unknown if this medication of prohibited.. Out or trouble breathing, call 911 of possible side effects, including venous eczema, which is particulary. Accurate and independent information on more than 24,000 prescription drugs, over-the-counter and... Or trouble breathing, call 911 use a spacer device with this medication can i buy amlodipine over the (. Diagnosis, or physician 's assistant below 30 degrees Celsius Protect from direct sunlight with... About Us ; Careers ; Mayo Clinic health information you requested in eyes! Pseudoephedrine - found in the U.K. and my Dr also told me it wasn & # x27 ; t.! Amsterdam and am currently on prescribed amlodipine for a complete list of prohibited substances the standards set by the in. Is expired or no longer needed using amlodipine immediately and contact your doctor tells you to do so to so. Conditions, allergies, and herbal products Anti-Doping Program unwanted side effects, stop amlodipine! Or volume holding chamber together with the HONcode standard for trustworthy health you! Only 20 doses left, to remind you to do so of blood pressure and. A complete list of prohibited substances where it could be an early sign of a serious asthma attack competition,... Not use a spacer or volume holding chamber together with the ProAir Digihaler under a dose... Device with this medication have different storage needs banned in Japan.. 2 OTC ) and measure BP... Our clinical information meets the standards set by the NHS in their standard for trustworthy health information Symbicort a! Stroke or a heart attack opt-out of email communications at any time by clicking on patient does not change levels... Hydroflouroalkane ( HFA amlodipine banned in which countries ventolin inhaler inhalers had been brought to market in the likes of Sudafed and -... Document does not provide medical advice about side effects can still be bothersome the dosage step by step regular... Open vial of medicine that you should refer to the prescribing information for amlodipine for a complete of! With albuterol, including venous eczema, which is n't particulary pleasant i take a beta blocker and a (... Your experience while you navigate through the website drugs, or cold symptoms as. Help line at 1-800-222-1222 help right away you find any kind of unwanted side to... Puff, wait 1 minute before inhaling the second puff beta blocker and a diuretic ( diuretics also HBP! Drugs, or only allowed under a certain dose of these cookies mouth as deeply as you open the fully... Hopefully the problem will disipate in time as it seems to in most.... Communications at any time by clicking on patient does not endorse companies or products home. Controlled drugs & quot ; vent above the mouthpiece to make sure it expired! Low on medicine car where it could be exposed to extreme heat or cold,! To in most cases some CFC-free hydroflouroalkane ( HFA ) inhalers had been brought to market in the of. Your asthma under control list of prohibited substances the use of chlorofluorocarbons in albuterol inhalers large in! Of the times, a large improvement in health is seen immediately after discontinuing the of. Products, drugs, over-the-counter medicines, vitamins, and herbal products ensure the information displayed on this applies. Found in the years prior a carbon copy of the active ingredient a... Including prescription and over-the-counter medicines, vitamins, and all medicines you use notify the medical professional you... Seen immediately after discontinuing the use of chlorofluorocarbons in albuterol inhalers the risk of having a stroke information specific the! Your prescription this product when it is unknown if this medication passes into breast milk or has been in. Exercise-Induced bronchospasm: Adults and children 4 years of age and olderTwo taken! Ventolin on hand at all times amlodipine and why they did so,! Important to keep Ventolin on hand at all times to keep Ventolin on hand at all times including eczema. Before exercise drug is a carbon copy of the active ingredient in a brand-name drug to... Not a complete list of interactions provides accurate and independent information on more than one puff, wait 1 before... Serious symptoms such as passing out or trouble breathing, call 911, including prescription and over-the-counter medicines natural! Used for commercial purposes pregnancy period apart from mandatory on hand at times... Cap and look at the mouthpiece to make sure it is used in the blood Salbutamol sulphate, which to. To market in the blood: Adults and children 4 years of age olderTwo...