B) They needed the railway lines to expedite the delivering of supplies to the front lines. C) World War I and the Spanish Civil War D) more than 20 years. After the Day of Infamy: "Man-on-the-Street" Interviews Following the Attack on Pearl Harbor. ", Choose the statement that accurately reflects the relationship between private business and the federal government during World War II. The International Refugee Organization (IRO), a temporary specialized agency of the newly established United Nations, was created in December 1946 to replace the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration (UNRRA) and the Intergovernmental Committee on Refugees (IGC), which had originally been created during the Evian Conference in 1938. WARSAW, Poland (AP) President Joe Biden, returning on Tuesday to the Polish castle where he spoke shortly after the Russian invasion of Ukraine last year, said the war had hardened Western resolve to defend democracy around the globe. c.) Origins. give each member state an equal say in world affairs. After the United States entered World War II, The United Nations 1951 Refugee Convention granted legal protection to refugees but placed limitations on qualifying for refugee status. c.) On December 9, 1941two days after the attackUS President Franklin D. Roosevelt addressed the American people on the radio. After the United States intervened militarily in Vietnam in the mid-1960s, however, this political consensus began to break down. C) destroy the nation of Japan. . Since 1980, the United States has had a defined procedure for carrying out the countrys agreed-upon duties under the protocol. . The United States did not immediately adopt a consistent refugee policy in the wake of World War II, instead patching together various immigration, refugee, and displaced persons legislation for temporary fixes to address specific crises. The executive branch of the U.S. government was given unprecedented authority with B. economic equality The United States did not sign the 1951 United Nations Refugee Convention, instead passing its own set of laws which also aided specific groups of refugees for limited periods of time. Unit 3 Challenge Questions/ The United States, Sophia U.S. History 2 Unit 4 Milestone Study, Sophia.org U.S. History II - UNIT 4 - CHALLEN, Vulnerability Scans, Security and Controls, Sophia.org U.S. History II - FINAL MILESTONE, John Lund, Paul S. Vickery, P. Scott Corbett, Todd Pfannestiel, Volker Janssen, Eric Hinderaker, James A. Henretta, Rebecca Edwards, Robert O. Self, Donald Kagan, Frank M. Turner, Steven Ozment. B. avenging the attack on Pearl Harbor C) the prohibition of dictatorships like the Soviet Union. They created a decoy army using cardboard tanks across the Channel from Calais. The Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor because they wanted to The United States declares war against Japan. They feature a wide diversity of opinion concerning the war and other social and political issues of the day, such as racial prejudice and labor disputes. Other countries fared worse: Poland, with a, Throughout the 1930s, most Americans opposed changing or adjusting the Johnson-Reed Act, fearing that immigrants, including those fleeing persecution, would compete for scarce jobs and burden public services in the midst of the, The only significant attempt to pass a law to aid refugees came in 1939, when Democratic Senator Robert Wagner of New York and Republican Congresswoman Edith Rogers of Massachusetts introduced. D) was the official name the Nazis gave to the agency which oversaw the concentration camps. Prevention of Soviet expansion in Asia C. China. B) the course of the war turned in favor of the Axis Powers. b.) When did the United States enter World War II? It would prevent the Axis from receiving reinforcements from Japan's Indian Ocean fleet. C. B. refugees who had fled from Nazi-occupied Europe. A) A group of Nazi generals hatched the plan to assassinate Hitler. I believe the admission of these persons will add to the strength and energy of the nation. Still, Congress delayed action. D. a pact signed by the Soviet Union and the United States agreeing to first focus on the war in the Pacific before turning their attention to defeating Germany. d.) Audie Murphy famously received the Congressional Medal of Honor for preventing Soviet intervention in the region. . A.Germany was able to take over much of Europe by 1940. work on the development of an atomic bomb. A. Japanese attacks on U.S. ships trading with China. c.) "We were forced by the government to move from California because they feared we might be capable of sabotage or espionage." D) the ratification of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. At the Potsdam Conference, the We expect to eliminate the danger from Japan, but it would serve us ill if we accomplished that and found that the rest of the world was dominated by Hitler and Mussolini. World War II started on September 1, 1939, with the German invasion of Poland. B) 710,000 people. "Dear Mr. President," Nashville, Tennessee, January or February "Dear Mr. President," New York, New York, January or February Letter from Alan Lomax to Wilhelmina Waters, April 3, 1942. After the United States entered World War II Congress acted to provide for the expedited naturalization of noncitizens serving honorably in the U.S. Armed Forces. Usually it refers to the period when the United States and other members of the SEATO (Southeast Asia Treaty Organization) joined the forces with the Republic of South Vietnam to contest communist forces, comprised of South Vietnamese guerrillas and regular-force units, generally known as Viet Cong (VC), and . What is the World War II? D. the Selective Service Act, What was the world reaction to these aggressive actions? C) Germany's attention was diverted from the war in the Pacific. B) the coup which put Hitler into power in 1933. The United States entered World War II after the Japanese attack on _____. A) punish Japan for carrying on the war. b.) The Tuskegee Airmen were Why was the United States reluctant to launch a land invasion of Japan? View the list of all donors. They had significant military value that helped to keep Japan in the war. a.) "Although our wages were far lower, we earned more money than we ever had before in the workplace. his heroic conduct in Guam and the Philippines. D. less expansion, What were Japan's two mistakes in Pearl Harbor? The principal belligerents were the Axis powersGermany, Italy, and Japanand the AlliesFrance, Great Britain, the United States, the Soviet Union, and, to a lesser extent, China. c.) created the Office of Price Administration. D. The U.S. rejected Japan's demand of expansion. We are now to a certain extent protected on our flanks. it eliminated Japan's main refueling station for its air force. c.) As a result, the quota for the British Isles rose from 34,007 to 65,721, while the quota for Germany fell significantly, from 51,227 to 25,957. it halted the Japanese advance and put them on the defensive. This was the first time refugees gained distinct legal status under international law. ", d.) B. The only editing redacted interviewee names from several recordings and removed Leadbelly's two songs for which permissions have not yet been received. World War II's longest continuous campaign takes place, with the Allies striking a naval blockade against Germany and igniting a struggle . The Battle of Midway is considered one of the major turning points of the war because Which of the following is a reason that the United States initially stayed out of World War II? B) Many Americans feared the effect of refugees on the strained job market. 182, 186) exempted noncitizen service members from naturalization requirements related to age, race, residence, any educational tests, fees . Pete Seeger playing banjo, 1948. Being attacked by a foreign power drew the country immediately into the war. d.) In the end, the United States was forced into the war on December 7th, 1941 when Japan surprise attack the United States at Pearl Harbor. Why was Stalin more supportive of an Allied invasion of France than Roosevelt and Churchill? B) the creation of a five-member Security Council. At the last minute, the Senate rejected the Houses proposed amendment, which would have made a distinction between immigrants and refugees by exempting immigrants who could prove they were escaping political or racial persecution. Letter from Fletcher Collins to Alan Lomax, Page 1, December 11, "Man-on-the-Street," Bloomington, Indiana, December 10, 1941, "Man-on-the-Street," Austin, Texas, December 9, 1941, "Dear Mr. President," Tucson, Arizona, January or February 1942. Before a Joint Session of Congress on December 8, 1941, President Franklin D. Roosevelt called the attack "a date which will live in . D. his decisive victory at the Battle of Guadalcanal. B) the establishment of the U.N. Security Council. The War Refugee Board Public anti-immigration sentiment remained strongin May 1938, only 23% of Americans were in favor of the immigration of German refugeesand these congressmen believed that legislation reducing immigration would prevail if the subject came up for debate. C. It gave Germany new territory as the Soviets tried to appease Hitler. D. C. While the Nazis took control of Germany and planned for war in Europe, Japan aggressively expanded its control of territory in east Asia by invading Manchuria in 1931 and China in 1937. Choose the statement that best reflects the experiences of African Americans after the United States entered World War II. D. Interventionists thought aid would help end the the Japanese were not expecting a U.S. offensive there. D.Did not destroy all aircraft carriers/ did not declare war first. B) the Great Depression destroyed U.S. foreign trade. How did the Nazi regime differ most from the Japanese government in the 1930s? Why were Hiroshima and Nagasaki chosen as the targets for nuclear attacks? A. B. A) the Nazi doctrine of Aryan racial superiority. For most Jewish refugees, the new paperwork combined with the lack of access to American diplomats ended their hope of immigration to the United States. A. dying in action while leading his troops to victory at Iwo Jima. After the united states entered world war ii. (spendthrift; thrifty). A. A. b.) Hours later, the United States declared war on both countries. d.) The result is a portrait of everyday life in America as the United States entered World War II. The photographs and graphs in this gallery support the conclusion that US consulates in Nazi-occupied territory shut down in July 1941. To secure an unconditional surrender from Japan, the United States dropped atomic bombs on the Japanese cities of _____ and "The federal government encouraged us to continue producing consumer goods to keep American citizens happy. B. Interventionists thought aid would bring us into war; isolationists thought aid would keep us out of the war. The Bataan Death March foreshadowed A. defectors from the Soviet Union. He believed a joint offensive with the Soviets through Eastern Europe would be far more effective. A) victory over fear and want, as described in the Four Freedoms speech To free Australia from Japanese occupation The act was meant to solve the midnight races problem and establish a more permanent immigration law. answer choices. In the decades between World War I and the attack on Pearl Harbor, tensions between Japan and the United States were primarily caused by Choose the statement that describes an effect of the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. Q. After World War II, the American people continued to oppose increased immigration. Without any significant factual evidence, the government perceived Japanese Americans as being a threat to national security. A) process the forced deportation of German Jews to other countries. The _____ was a turning point in the war between the United States and Japan and first demonstrated the success of the island-hopping strategy. D. D. the establishment of internment camps for resident aliens. A. racial tensions related to the huge influx of laborers from Mexico. Students reflect on the unit as a whole and begin to write a strong thesis statement for their essay. Both collections are included in this presentation. On December 11, 1941, Germany responded by declaring war on the United States, bringing American military forces into the European and Pacific conflicts on a global scale. Many Americans felt he was simply trying to postpone the inevitable war in Europe. "We began a civil rights campaign to achieve both a victory in Europe and a victory over racism in the U.S." He personally directed the military buildup of troops and supplies. The war was in many respects a continuation, after an uneasy 20-year hiatus, of . The United States did not sign the 1951 Refugee Convention, but did sign the 1967 United Nations Refugee Protocol, which removed those geographical and time limitations. When World War II ended, the United States was in better economic condition than any other country in the world. B) save lives. In March 1980, Congress passed the Refugee Act of 1980, expressing that it is the historic policy of the United States to respond to the urgent needs of persons subject to persecution in their homelands. The Act laid out the procedures for the admission of refugees into the United States and how the US would fulfill its obligations as a signatory of the United Nations Refugee Protocol. American neutrality in the first years of the war in Europe. cutting off its access to the rich Caucasus oil fields. D. The State Department, therefore, became responsible for enforcing the quota law, and midnight races ended. To seize islands vital to Japanese transportation and communication. D) the Allies moved toward Germany from the east, west, and south. They were the largest population centers in Japan. D. Many Americans believed the Soviet Union posed a greater threat than the Nazis or the Japanese. In the Soviet Union, a "cult of personality" developed around Stalin. C. the military did not expand quickly until after the creation of the draft. C. the British Royal Air Force With men off to fight a worldwide war across the Atlantic and the Pacific, women were called to take their place on the production line. World War II changed both the type of work women did and the volume at which they did it. C. generate support for the war effort and boost morale through the media. "We arranged sit-ins and other protests around Washington, D.C., as a part of our Double V Campaign." This enabled Roosevelt to establish what became known as the . The vote was bipartisan and was not close (293-41). C. Life in the United States began to return to normal. What major advantage did the United States possess over the Soviet Union following the war? D. Japan feeling threatened by the U.S. presence in Asia and the Pacific. The American forces joined the Soviet forces for a joint assault on Berlin. (This happened just as the systematic, mass murder of the Jews began with the German invasion of the Soviet Union.) While overall immigration into the United States did not increase, between 35,00040,000 DPs, most of whom were Jewish, entered the United States between December 22, 1945, and July 1, 1948, under provisions of the Truman Directive. The Corps offered scholarships for tuition and fees, stipends, and uniforms to women ages 17-35 who went . Did not destroy all aircraft carriers/ did not declare war forcing Italy to surrender and change sides. The Nazi forces were able to buy time for more reinforcements to arrive. C. c.) A combination of presidential directives and congressional legislation aided other specific groups of refugees. The Axis Powers fought relentlessly against the Allied Powers for dominance around the world. A. But within two years of the end of the war, new challenges and perceived threats had arisen to erode that confidence. Truman particularly criticized the fact that the bill restricted eligibility to people who had entered Germany, Austria, or Italy prior to December 22, 1945, effectively discriminating against Jewish displaced persons, many of whom had been in the Soviet zone of occupation and only traveled to western Europe later. A. B. destroy ships and planes that threatened their expansion efforts. Why were Jewish refugees on the ocean liner St. Louis turned away while trying to enter the United States in 1939? What factors after 1939 led to US involvement in World War II? B) limited the number of Jewish refugees allowed entry into the United States. On December 8, 1941 (the day after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor), Alan Lomax, then "assistant in charge" of the Archive of American Folk Song (now the American Folklife Center archive), sent a telegram to fieldworkers in ten different localities across the United States, asking them to collect "man-on-the-street" reactions of ordinary Americans to the bombing of Pearl Harbor and the subsequent declaration of war by the United States. Under this international treaty, a refugee was defined as, "a person who owing to a well-founded fear of being persecuted for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group or political opinion, is outside the country of his nationality and is unable or, owing to such fear, is unwilling to avail himself of the protection of that country; or who, not having a nationality and being outside the country of his former habitual residence as a result of such events, is unable or, owing to such fear, is unwilling to return to it. A major factor that led to US involvement in World War II was the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. A. b.) Which of the following was an effect of the attack on Pearl Harbor? B) more than one half If a sentence has no predicate adjective, write None on the line provided. When Hitler stationed troops in the Rhineland in 1936, it was a direct violation of. In most cases, the recordings were digitized by Library of Congress staff directly from the discs on which they were originally recorded. D. was assassinated by a group of his own generals. B. went through a period of economic instability. What is gangsterism? his successful campaigns in North Africa and Sicily. B) the end of World War II. C. Place the events related to World War II in the correct sequence, following the signing of a mutual defense treaty by Japan and Germany. Select an argument used to oppose U.S. involvement in World War II. On June 5, 1941, diplomats abroad were cautioned that visas would soon be denied to applicants with close relatives remaining in German-occupied countries. April 6, 1917 Pete Seeger and Huddie Ledbetter (Leadbelly) recorded original songs for the "Dear Mr. President" interviews. Truman, disappointed by the limited reach of the act, said that he would have vetoed it had Congress been in session, but signed the act so there would be some legislation to aid displaced persons, rather than none. Example directobject\underline{\color{#c34632}{direct~ object}}directobject 1. On August 9, 1941, President Franklin D. Roosevelt and Prime Minister Winston Churchill first met aboard the cruiser USS Augusta. These laws did not change in the 1930s, as desperate Jewish refugees attempted to immigrate from Nazi Germany. a.) contributing to a "black market" for consumer goods. Our headquarters are located at: 89 South Street, Suite 401, Boston, MA 02111. ", d.) B) the Axis expanded their control of territory in western Europe. World War II was just six years long but surprisingly, it had two presidents ruling the United States during its course. He said, in part: The course that Japan has followed for the past ten years in Asia has paralleled the course of Hitler and Mussolini in Europe and in Africa. The sketch shown above is of "The Unconquered People," and describes the European resistance to Adolph Hitler and Germany on the part of . The image and reality of overall economic prosperity--and the upward mobility it provided for many white Americans--was not lost on those who had largely been excluded from the full meaning of the American Dream, both before and after the war. ", Choose the statement that describes an economic consequence of the United States as an "arsenal of democracy." C. More expansion After World War II, the United States of America entered a period of material abundance, caused largely by increased production. D. It gave Germany a pledge of military support from the Soviet Union. In the late 1930s, Jews fleeing Nazi persecution in Europe were consistently referred to as refugees. However, this term had no legal meaning under US law, save for theoretically exempting these immigrants from having to pass a literacy test. Today, it has become far more than a parallel. ____________________ Petra prefers water-skiing and is quite good at it. C. Many Americans favored a strong interventionist foreign policy regarding the situation in Europe and Asia. Battle of the Atlantic: September 3, 1939 to May 8, 1945. "We were faced with the possibility of deportation even though we were U.S. a.) D) the signing of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade. Dec. 7. Hitler 's greatest strategic disadvantage in opposing the Allies' imminent reentry into Europe lay in the immense stretch of Germany 's conquests, from the west coast of France to the east coast of Greece. D. the Japanese assault on Pearl Harbor. The United States remained neutral in . D. c.) The labor demands of war industries caused millions more Americans to move--largely to the Atlantic, Pacific, and Gulf coasts where most defense plants located. C) the independence of former British colonies in the Middle East B. Interventionists finally agreed with the isolationist position. C. Consistent with overall anti-immigrant sentiments in the country, the State Department viewed the quotas as limits, rather than goals, and did not seek to fill the quotas. In a December 1945 Gallup poll, only 5% of Americans were willing to accept more European immigrants than the nation had prior to the war. According to Roosevelt, what principles was the United States fighting for? D. a German airborne force who rescued Mussolini from a mountaintop fortress in Italy. Wallace was born on January 9, 1922 in Salt Lake City, Utah and registered for the draft on June 30, 1942. He feared it would leave Britain vulnerable to a deadly German counter-offensive. How long did it take for the value of U.S. imports to double after World War II? B. the economy failed to improve. "Over 90% of us were relocated against our will to assembly centers during the war." c.) Choose the statement that best reflects the experience of women as a social group after the United States entered World War II. . Faced with Congressional inaction, he issued a statement, known as the "Truman Directive," on December 22, 1945, announcing that DPs would be granted priority for US visas within the existing quota system. This online presentation also includes a set of interviews conducted in the Washington, D.C., metropolitan area. After World War II, thousands of Nazis became informants in the Cold War against the Soviet Union and then got entry into the U.S. Eric Lichtblau's new book, The Nazi Next Door, tells the story. Also included are biographies of the fieldworkers who conducted and arranged the interviews, complete transcripts of the interviews, related manuscripts, and original disc sleeves. B) about 10 years A. Soviet mistrust of Western intentions. b.) Millions of men and women entered military service and saw parts of the world they would likely never have seen otherwise. This online presentation includes one essay: "Making and Maintaining the Original Recordings." limiting further U.S. casualties C) mobilization brought economic benefits to the United States. B) join political organizations. "The government paid most of the costs for my company to convert to wartime production. Students consider how what they've learned about the rise of the Nazi Party influences their thinking about the essay prompt and practice making inferences. 4. Congress demanded an immediate end to the war The legislation never made it out of committee for a vote. A. through the sale of government issued war bonds The US military was not prepared to fight a global war in 1941. It would allow the Allies to gain control of the precious oil fields in the Middle East. After the United States entered World War II, immigrants from which of the following countries became eligible for U.S. citizenship? c.) After World War I, America became an isolationist nation. The United States had the world's largest military force. He wanted to keep the other Allies busy so he could divide Eastern Europe as he saw fit. They were followed in June 1940 by Italy, in June 1941 by Russia, and in December 1941 by Japan and the USA - though the conflict as a whole had actually began in July 1937 with war between China and Japan. What was the most important factor in Truman's decision to drop the first atomic bomb at Hiroshima? On May 24, 1924, Congress passed the Immigration Act of 1924, also known as the Johnson-Reed Act or the National Origins Act. C.It endorsed national self-determination for the post-war world. a.) Millions of men and women entered military service and saw parts of the world they would likely never have seen otherwise. He needed to open a second front to relieve pressure on his troops on the eastern front. Based on this graph and your knowledge of history, the growth in U.S. employment was sparked by The IRO also operated the International Tracing Service whose purpose was to help survivors find their families and learn the fate of loved ones. B. a joint U.S.-British squadron that airlifted supplies to the troops in North Africa. . Several bills were introduced to aid refugees; many more were introduced to curb or end immigration. "As a business owner, I had to begin to deduct a federal income tax from my employees' paychecks. B. WACs coordinated recruiting efforts for all of the armed services. Nazi Germany declared war on the United States on December 11, 1941. Documenting Numbers of Victims of the Holocaust and Nazi Persecution, a world which still seemed to have no place for them. A. b.) B) instituted the systematic extermination of German Jews. The 1953 Refugee Relief Act defined refugee (someone in a non-Communist country fleeing persecution), escapee (someone fleeing communism), and expellee" (an ethnic German forced out of Eastern Europe). Polling also showed that more Americans supported immigration limits on Jewish DPs than on Germans who had left their homes fleeing Soviet occupation. Claudia Bautista, Santa Monica, Calif. You must have JavaScript enabled to use this form. The war ended with the Axis powers' unconditional surrender in 1945. Savage fighting and heavy American casualties occurred in the battles on Iwo Jima and Okinawa. "Despite wartime mobilization, we continued to feel the negative effects of the Great Depression. As a result, the quota for the British Isles rose from 34,007 to 65,721, while the quota for Germany fell significantly, from 51,227 to 25,957. B) World War I and World War II Find topics of interest and explore encyclopedia content related to those topics, Find articles, photos, maps, films, and more listed alphabetically, Recommended resources and topics if you have limited time to teach about the Holocaust, Explore the ID Cards to learn more about personal experiences during the Holocaust. ", Choose the statement that accurately reflects the relationship between private business and the federal government during World War II. . C) Allied Powers agreed to divide Germany into four zones of occupation. C. On December 9, 1941two days after the attackUS President Franklin D. Roosevelt addressed the American people on the radio. C) not have to listen to unfavorable views. Students view the film, analyze a primary source from the Oyneg Shabes archive, and consider why it matters who tells the stories of the Jews in the Warsaw Ghetto. B) membership of the U.N. Security Council was determined. d.) B. Designed for California 10th grade world history courses, this unit guides students through a study of the Holocaust and the Armenian Genocide that focuses on choices and human behavior. d) Americans experienced a series of military losses. To protect Australia from a Japanese invasion, a.) b.) For each word at the left, complete the four derivatives indicated. Building on the economic base left after the war, American society became more affluent in the postwar years than most Americans could have imagined in their wildest dreams before or during the war. D. d.) D. This request resulted in approximately four and one half hours of recordings that were used to create a fifteen-minute radio program for the Mutual Broadcasting System. 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