Copyright 2023 Breaking Media, Inc. All rights reserved. Sign up for the Breaking Defense newsletter. This would be great for turbulant rescues, say at sea. The coaxial design is uncommon, but not unprecedented -- it's long been a distinguishing characteristic of helicopters from Russian manufacturer Kamov. It also negates the need for a regular tail rotor, as yaw can be managed using just the top rotors. And ABC promised improved maneuverability over conventional helicopters. As a practicing engineer in the rotorcraft industry since 1997, I have had increasing responsibilities during the development of the AW609, Deepwater tiltrotor UAV, Bell Model 429, Sikorsky CH-53K . This used two very rigid counter-rotating rotors, allowing rotor lift at high speeds to migrate off the rotor centerline to the advancing sides of the rotor discs, thus eliminating retreating blade stall which limits the speed of conventional helicopters. The Marine Corps is more than receptive to radically new rotorcraft. Germanowski refers to that 3D-printed component as a shop aid, which he says allowed us to verify the installation procedure for the gearbox on the actual aircraft. Ultimately, the hub that holds the two top rotorswhich arent shown in these imageswill be forged from titanium. Igor Sikorsky seems to be the first to settle on using a single rotor mounted at the rear of the helicopter as a way to counter the torque. During this period the Navy, Air Force, and NASA joined the Army in providing funding support. By the 1960s Sikorsky believed that technology had progressed to the point that a practical application of the concept was possible. In late May, Sikorsky first turned on power to its S-97 prototype, which at the time was about halfway through assembly. The airframe was circular in cross section, sized for a crew of two in a side-by-side configuration, and with a small cabin for experimental test equipment. It's not an everyday look for a helicopter, to say the least. Join PopSci+ to read sciences greatest stories. Sikorsky hopes that the sleek, speedy design of the S-97, unveiled Thursday, will win the favor of the US Army as a potential replacement for OH-58D Kiowa Warrior helicopter, an airframe whose history dates back to the Vietnam War era, and as an aerial platform for special operations units. When it comes to the fastest helicopters, the V-22 is by far the fastest- except it isn't really a helicopter at all. All Rights Reserved. Registration on or use of this site constitutes acceptance of our Terms of Service. 1. (This aircraft was designated as the Sikorsky S-73 and is described in another section of this Sikorsky Product History on this website.) The SB>1 Defiant uses a pusher prop at the rear, along with active rudders and elevators. The pilot inputted more and more forward cyclic to counter this, until the stick was on the forward stop and the aircraft was still nosing up. (Source: US Air Force.) They will likely sell it in the commercial market as well. S-70A-1 Desert Hawk; variant for Saudi Arabian military S-70A-1L Saudi Desert Hawk Medevac variant S-70A-5 Variant for Philippine Air Force S-70A-9 Lockheed Sikorsky-Boeings SB Defiant has taken flight more recently than Textron-Bells 280 Valor, however both appear to be showing early promise. Join our Space Forums to keep talking space on the latest missions, night sky and more! Interestingly, the rounded, oval-shaped defiant does look a bit stealthy and appears to operate with an internalweapons bayto limit detectable external shapes or contours likely to generate radar signature returns. So which systems better? +1 (202) 740-5997 The US Army has not yet made any formal announcement about a long-term replacement for the Kiowa. Both Sikorsky and the Army had higher priorities at the time. Move it up to 2023. Sikorsky, a Lockheed Martin company (NYSE:LMT), in Stratford, Connecticut, and Boeing Defense, Space & Security (NYSE:BA) in Berkeley, Missouri, are introducing the SB>1 DEFIANT helicopter designed to fly with advanced agility and maneuverability at twice the speed and range of current conventional helicopters. Every day thousands ofpeople in the United States travelin helicopters, among them politicians, executives, tourists and patients. The initial version of this helicopter, called the SB>1 Defiant, flew for the first time in March of 2019, and Popular Science has also recognized it in its Best of What's New awards.. The Air Force and Navy are also buying small numbers of V-22s. Some obvious design differences present themselves between the two aircraft prototypes: Bells aircraft employs a single main rotor up top, and a tandem cockpit, meaning the two pilots sit with one person in front of the other, as opposed to side-by-side. And why? Also, some of the symmetry of the counter rotating blades, closelymirroring each otherin shape and size, will decrease turbulence and therefore improve the airflow and stability of flight. Controls: Coaxial Helicopters This design consists of two main rotor systems mounted on a common mast, but rotating Examples of this design are the Sikorsky ABC and the MIL-29. Photo courtesy Sikorsky and Boeing. While the Raider X is part of the FARA competition, Sikorskys Defiant X is part of another Army competition called FLRAA, which stands for Future Long-Range Assault Aircraft. here for reprint permission. Sikorsky will offer the RAIDER aircraft as a replacement for the U.S. Army's OH-58D Kiowa Warrior helicopter fleet based on the Army's future operational and financial priorities, and for. We are flying before buying.. In high speed flight the XH-59A handled as though it were a fixed wing aircraft. Sikorsky Aircraft Corporation 6900 Main StreetP.O. The counter-rotating blade is basedupon innovative engineering methods that combines airplane-like speeds with the hovering and maneuvering capabilities unique to helicopters. His last day in his office at the Stratford plant of Sikorsky Aircraft was the day before Jul 29, 1973 : S-69 ABC (XH-59) The ABC (Advancing Blade Concept) was designed to prove the viability of two counter rotating main rotors on a common axis as a means of achieving higher speeds and better agility Presidential transport helicopter also known as Marine One Sikorsky internal model designations S-70A. Photo: Sikorsky Aircraft Corp. To paraphrase helicopter pioneer Igor Sikorsky: If you're in trouble . Igor Sikorskys predictions for air travel in general and for helicopters in particular have been largely realized or surpassed. That cannon is attached to a turret. Independent control for upper and lower rotor of a rotary wing aircraft Patent number: 11440650 Abstract: An aircraft is provide including an airframe, an extending tail, and a counter rotating, coaxial main rotor assembly including an upper rotor assembly and a lower rotor assembly. An extensive flight test program of about 170 flight hours was accomplished through 1981. One of the unique features of the XH-59A gearbox was an ability to create differential rotor speed, which would provide yawing moments which did not reverse in autorotation. The conclusion was that the control system gains were too low to cover all flight modes. To overcome these shortcomings, in 1982 Sikorsky submitted an unsolicited proposal to the Army for extensive modification of the aircraft into the XH-59B configuration. The SB>1 Defiant is a joint multi-role medium-class Future Vertical Lift technology demonstrator built around Sikorsky's X2 platform, which uses two counter-rotating rigid blades on the top of the aircraft to eliminate the retreating blade stall problem that puts a ~150 mph (~240 kmh) speed limit on helicopters with a single top rotor. On top of the helicopter is another component thats 3D-printed, as a stand-in for what will be the hubs for the top rotors and the gearbox. Its just $1 per month . The retreating blades are going slower relative to the air, because they subtract the helicopters speed from their own, so they generate less lift. To replace the Apache gunships, an aircraft needs to fly low and slow over the battlefield, ducking behind cover when enemy anti-aircraft units appear, then popping up again to fire guns and missiles. The aircraft continues tomake progress toward its first flight, said Peter Grant, Sikorsky's senior managerof Advanced Programs. Retreating blade stall can be delayed or lessened in case of coaxial helicopter configurations. Yaw control was achieved by using differential collective pitch in hover. Primarily among these was the use of separate engines for rotor power and auxiliary propulsion. The answers lie in the speed limits built into the physics of how a helicopter flies. The XH-59B program was not funded. However,the new Sikorsky aircraft will have one or more aft-mounted ?pusher? Heres how it works. It became apparent that the biggest challenge was going to be the construction of the rotor blades. Click here for Bells argument for accelerating FVL by cancelling other programs, with a mix of tiltrotors, compound helicopters, and traditional helicopters, Against near-peers, unmanned systems must maintain autonomy even when contested, With Indo-Pacific in mind, Army eyeing heavy support ship prototyping competition, Poland signs framework for 1,400 infantry fighting vehicles, Fool Around & Find Out Holistic Situational Awareness & Decision-Making, The Watched Pot Still Boils Expeditionary & Survivable C4I. Unlike conventional helicopters that possess a main rotor for lift and thrust with a tail rotor for anti-torque, a coaxial helicopter utilizes two counter-rotating rotor disks that serve to provide lift, thrust, and torque neutralization. The counter-rotating blades are engineered toreduce high-speed vibrations, steady the aircraft and best optimize massive amounts of thrust coming from a pusher prop mechanism in the rear of the aircraft. without using the mechanicallycomplex and expensive tilt-rotorsystem pioneered by Bell. When the job is hot, high, dirty or dangerous, the K-MAX is ready performing multiple missions. When it enters service, the Defiant will carry a crew of four and a cabin equipped for up to 12 combat-ready troops or eight medevac litters. Both helicopters, Raider and Defiant, have similar design elements: two counter-rotating top rotors, and a propeller in back. Sikorsky's SB Defiant, which recently took a demo flight at a Sikorsky range in West Palm Beach Florida before the Army's Chief of Staff, has reportedly hit speeds of 250 knots, more than twice. Our Multi-Domain Operations/Joint All-Domain Operations solutions provide a complete picture of the battlespace and empowers warfighters to quickly make decisions that drive action. The rotor design had to be more similar to that of a propeller than that of then current helicopter rotors. Similar to the X2 prototype, the Sikorsky S-97 Raider helicopter will have twin coaxial counter-rotating main rotors and a pusher propeller for cruise at 220 knots. Sikorsky's technology puts two main rotors on top of each other, rotating in opposite directions, which balances out the lift profile on either side and allows the craft to fly much faster up to twice the airspeed of a regular helicopter while maintaining excellent handling and agility. Raider X is one of two candidates in the Army's Future Attack Reconnaissance Aircraft competition. With a composite airframe, the 36-foot-long single-engine S-97 prototype has a maximum gross weight of just over 11,000 pounds. This was phased out at speeds from 40 to 80 knots and yaw control was provided by rudders. As the design evolved, the aircraft weight grew to where it could not hover with the J-60s installed, so tests in the aux propulsion mode required a rolling takeoff. At high speeds, Gehler claimed, tiltrotors are far and away more maneuverable than compound helicopters: Right now, compound coax is having challenges turning at high speed., Thats true of less sophisticated compound helicopter designs, said Van Buiten, but not of theirs, in large part because of the two counter-rotating rotors. The spar tubes were then hot formed into an elliptical shape, while twisted, in ceramic hot-forming dies. Eric Adams Eric. At higher speeds, the rear prop provides extra drive and the rudders and elevators help with high speed maneuvering. This became the XH-59A, the subject of another chapter in this Sikorsky Product History section. Joining the team as a motorcycle specialist, he's covered just about everything for New Atlas, concentrating lately on eVTOLs, hydrogen, energy, aviation, audiovisual, weird stuff and things that go fast. About the develemental phase when you already have a proven concept, insane. The empennage was an inverted V to keep it under the rotor and minimize aircraft size. CSSCustPortalSuppt@sikorsky.com. It was proposed by the Serbian man Dragoljub . It was a small toy powered by rubber bands, but it would turn out to be his life's work. The abstract of the Army final report summarizes these conclusions: NOE [nap of the earth] flight handling qualities revealed the XH-59A is capable of the intricate, demanding maneuvers required by the tactical NOE environment. NY 10036. Being a concept demonstrator, the XH-59A had a number of compromises in its design to hold program cost down. This seemed to work out fine in the initial hover tests. Tail Rotors. Published Jun 30, 2022 3:03 PM EDT. Last month, the Army saw its final class of eight aviators complete Kiowa flight training at Fort Rucker, Alabama. Lockheed Martin delivered the first CH-53K training device to the U.S. Navy on April 14, 2020. The Containerized Flight Training Device (CFTD) is a full-mission flight simulator that will allow flight crews to train on the full scope of Marine Corps heavy lift missions, including external lift operations, and executing degraded visual environment take-offs and landings. The X2 Raider prototypes will be fitted with a pusher-propeller and twin coaxial counter-rotating main rotors, replacing one main rotor and a tail rotor. X2Technology helicopters will affect passenger travel due to substantiallyreduced flight times. That is a helicopter, not this bulky overly complexed strange concept idea worked into a "commercial" vehicle, New quantum state boosts material's conductivity by a billion percent, GE installs world's first spiral-welded wind turbine tower, BAE unveils the Strix, a fascinating, tail-sitting X-wing VTOL UAV. Sikorskys compound-helicopter experiments also started in the 1970s with the experimental XH-59, then were revived in the X2 demonstrator now in the Smithsonian. 2023 Lockheed Martin Corporation. Articles may contain affiliate links which enable us to share in the revenue of any purchases made. Most of these were compound helicopters, adding a wing and auxiliary propulsion to off load the rotor of its lift and forward thrust requirements at high speed. The S-70A is Sikorsky's designation for Black Hawk models produced for export. It had the disadvantage of a tall rotor system which was incompatible with the Armys requirement that the UTTAS be air transportable in the C-130/141. While the Armys currently leading the most near-term parts of Future Vertical Lift, the overwhelming bulk of Army rotorcraft requirements involve transport, where FVLs virtues dont matter much. The Drive reports that that FLRAA decision could happen in September. Pino said of the X2 TechnologyDemonstrator at Heli-Expo 2008, the main U.S. helicopter convention. Born in Kiev, Ukraine, in 1889 to a family of physicians, Igor Sikorsky actually built his first helicopter at the age of 12. A compound helicopter has no wings and two separate sets of blades, a rotor that stays a rotor and a propeller that stays a propeller. After a number of false starts over the next four years, a manufacturing method was developed that used a 17 foot 6AL-4V titanium extrusion which was machined both inside and out to produce tapered diameter and wall thickness. Starting with the experimental XV-15 in the 1970s, and entering military service with the V-22 in 2007, Bell has led the industry in building tilt-rotors, winged aircraft with rotors that, well, tilt. What's even more unusual element is the pusher rotor at the rear. With this rotor configuration, the rotors capability to generate lift would not drop off with speed, or with altitude. The Sikorsky X2 is an experimental high-speed compound helicopter with coaxial rotors, developed by Sikorsky Aircraft, that made its first flight in 2008 and was officially retired in 2011. Mike Glenn can be reached at mglenn@washingtontimes.com. Auxiliary propulsion was envisioned to provide horizontal propulsion. Lockheed Sikorsky-Boeings SB Defiant has taken flight more recently than Textron-Bells 280 Valor, however both appear to be showing early promise. The downside of a tilt-rotor is the mechanical complexity and weight of the mechanisms needed to do the tilting as well as the need to switch modes in flight. of rotating blades on top of the fuselage and shorterblades mounted on the side of the tail that spin in a plane roughlyperpendicular to the main disc. Sikorsky and Boeing have been working on this high-speed, long-range, ultra-maneuverable military helicopter design for some time, and now they've released the first photos of what is expected to become a highly effective US Army utility helicopter sometime in the 2030s. Flight testing with the second aircraft resumed in November, 1974. The S-97 will be much faster than conventional helicopters, with a cruising speed of up to 220 knots, or 253 mph, according to Sikorsky. The body shape of the aircraft does appear to blend somewhat gradually up to the rotor blades, as if to decrease sharp angles and engineer a gradual incline or slope from the front end of the aircraft up through the body to the rotor blades. is their ability to take off and land vertically.However, compared with fixed-wing aircraft, they are slow. Speed Demon: The Sikorsky X2 experimental helicopter is, unofficially, the fastest on Earth. The advancing blades are effectively going faster, relative to the air, because they add the helicopters forward movement to their own, so they generate more lift. Now Sikorsky Aircraft has put that experimental technology into a more mature package, the S-97 Raider. If only we devoted as much time, money and resources to fixing the planet as we do to making systems to kill one another we might save the planet. Learn how we are strengthening the economies, industries and communities of our global partner nations. Second, to provide the raw forward thrust for fast flight, the back of the aircraft mounts a pusher propeller. In September 2010, Sikorsky's similarly designed X2 technology demonstrator reached a speed of 250 knots (287 mph), a feat that the longtime rotorcraft maker at the time said "unofficially shattered the helicopter world speed record." The U.S. Army capped its formal participation in the program in May 1981 with an operational evaluation of the aircraft at Ft. Rucker, Alabama. The extra lift from each rotors advancing blade balances out the diminished lift from the opposite sides retreating blade, which gets rid of retreating blade stall. This promised to be much lighter than the armor then available and more effective at defeating ballistic threats. Sikorsky Aircraft Corp. Parent type: No type defined Aircraft status: No longer flying . There were many coaxial helicopter developments during and after World War II. categorized as rotary-wing aircraft ? +1 (800) WINGED-S (946-4337) When its moving forward at high speed, however, the engine puts 90 percent of its energy into the rear propeller to generate forward thrust, much like a conventional propeller aircraft. Two P&WA PT-6 engines were used to power the rotors. He writes occasionally, on topics from GPS to James Bond. here for reprint permission. The two main rotors of the S-97 are coaxial, and they rotate in opposite directions, driving both lift and forward flight. But in this configuration and design - they are. . The Army plans to publish new requirements for the helicopter by 2021 based upon data gathered and lessons learned through ongoing experiments,weapons developmentand test flights, the report added. The rotor system is typically of the fully-articulated design. And civilian uses are already being considered. The pilot reduced the collective to get it back on the ground. Stability and control proved to be excellent. The S-68 was a conceptual design for a small commercial aircraft using S-58T components. With the counter-rotating rotors, no tail rotor was required to react rotor torque. June 6, 2005 Sikorsky Aircraft today announced plans to build and test a demonstrator for a new class of coaxial X2 Technology helicopters that maintain or improve on all the vertical flight capabilities of rotorcraft and whose high speed configuration will cruise at 250 knots. Helicopter main rotor vibration analysis with varying rotating speed. Our Space Forums to keep it under the rotor system is typically of battlespace! Forged from titanium topics from GPS to James Bond the first CH-53K device... Elliptical shape, while twisted, in ceramic hot-forming dies the pusher rotor at the time was about through. Was achieved by using differential collective pitch in hover in high speed flight XH-59A. 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