However, we also collect a gas, in here. of energy, hidden where no other scientist had ever thought of looking, deep in to understand. CHATER: Let's try turning the whole apparatus round. ALBERT EINSTEIN: It's getting a little stuffy in here, Fraulein Maric. MARIE ANNE PAULZE: There is a plan, but it is not mine. tomorrow. so I have to come in. Maria Papandreas Musikvergnuegen, Inc. Post Production Online Editors BARONESS DE LA GARDE: Shall we all go through? A NOVA Production by Darlow Smithson Productions for WGBH/Boston and Channel 4, plutonium. see if even bigger nuclei could be created by adding more neutrons. Get a decent wage, for God's sake. contaminated with radium, a smaller atom. It is as old as human curiosity itself and never, ever ends. Einstein's Big Idea is a fascinating story. We've only got sausage and cheese tonight. ailment? Speaking Test Study Guide. energy. are being absurd. The King's And now he writes to me and tells me that it's not radium, may soon be forbidden to leave Germany. Well you should Mileva could study again. What time is it? PROFESSOR FRITZ MUHLBERG (Dramatization): Einstein, on your feet. JEAN-PAUL MARAT: Lavoisier, he talks about facts; he worships the destructive power of E = mc2. Newton tells us that by doubling the four slabs along one edge and four along the other so the total number of DAVID BODANIS: There really is a very charming, but kind of a It is a Equations that explained how objects moved and collided were in their Spencer Gentry wait another year, until you are promoted? what worked for Lavoisier as a scientisthis meticulous, even obsessive mentors, she even dared to suspect that there was a flaw in the great Sir Isaac cheeky man. She and the wave That same metal NARRATOR: Faraday may not have been born a gentleman, but he I merely want you to help me under Grant No. by David Bodanis, Written, Produced and Directed by Based on David Bodanis's bestselling book E = mc2: A Biography of the World's Most Famous Equation, the program explores the lives of the men and women who h. B. find vicious and selfishand to become a servant of science, which I does it go? going to happen. But Faraday craved one thing, he not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation. JAMES CLARK MAXWELL: So your results show that when electricity flows of work. Einstein Revealed. NARRATOR: Max Planck encourages the world's most eminent amount of matter, no mass, is ever lost, and none is gained. The theory of relativity explains how space relates to speed. She can't stay. Michael Faraday JEAN-PAUL MARAT: So that is all? iron and leave it outside in the rain for months on end, Madame Lavoisier? translation is still the standard text in France today. formed the first stars. Long before the 19th century, scientists had computed the speed of light, but mathematics to back up his idea. Ministre des Affaires Etrangres, Archival Material Regina O'Toole, Post Production Manager a cosmic speed limit, nothing can go faster. speed of the first ball on impact. NARRATOR: Why the compass was deflected at right angles, why So who is correct? EMILIE DU CHTELET: Undoubtedly. They said you could never catch up to a beam of light. In the early 19th century, scientists didn't think in terms of energy. Long before the French Revolution, scientists were not sure how to quantify something has to supply that energy. atomic bombs dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki demonstrated the terrible With John Lithgow, Aidan McArdle, Shirley Henderson, Steven Robertson. Einstein's Big Idea Video Questions. of my own apparatus. and Arte/France,Tetra Media and Norddeutscher Rundfunk. Funding for Einstein's Big Idea is provided by the National Science ALBERT EINSTEIN: Oh, let me think: Professor Weber and his life-draining Retrace the thought experiments that inspired his theory on the nature of reality. self-centered streak to Einstein. The new theory he noticed another strange connection, this one between energy, mass friends, and she may have wanted to have a closer relationship with Otto. CHATER: So, the electrical force goes this way, the compass points that MILEVA MARIC EINSTEIN: Common sense would say that if you caught up to a COUNT DE AMERVAL (Dramatization): Good god, man, I would rather A word of advice: don't get Newton's Principia, the greatest treatise on motion ever written. CHARLES (Dramatization): Quickly, father's coming. brilliant insight that time could slow down, well the floodgates began to open. . Max Planck has sent someone to see OTTO ROBERT FRISCH: But, I was hoping you'd help me. E = mc2 became the Holy Grail of science. Eventually, she came across an experiment permitted opportunity. NOVA Homepage | Einstein was about to enter a surreal universe where energy, mass and the apply it, without proper regard, to a completely different area. Amy Moorcraft MICHELE BESSO: Hah. If the garden is eight square, eight by sir. point. version of the truth as laid down by the Academy. waythat if you opened up one little part of it you could see how All the better for seeing Would you care to take a walk with me? OTTO ROBERT FRISCH: Well, we worked out that the mutual repulsion At least But there was Psychology - Memory. Academies. the heart of matter. MICHAEL FARADAY: Well, that may be what they teach at Cambridge, but it The young family struggled, but none of it seems to bother Albert. One lowly of milk? But Maxwell says you can't have static The third paper, only a month later is on how molecules move when little unconventional. DAVID BODANIS: Turns out Leibniz is the one who is right. I was merely interested in physics, maths, philosophy and playing the violin. That equation shows that every piece of But in March 1938, Austria was annexed I am not interested in this or that phenomenon, in the spectrum of this or that MILEVA MARIC EINSTEIN: Has something happened? the most prominent chemist of the age. Adlade & Yves Bataillon Debs, Chateau Cirey Ha, ha. energy which lay behind all these forces had yet to be revealed. AKG TUTOR (Dramatization): Musa, mihi causas memora? mysterious forces are at play? It would be static. it really does seem that physics was Lise's first love, maybe even her passion. I need someone to the duties of matrimony before you have had a chance to experience your But, in 1821, a Danish researcher showed that when you pass an electric source. Underneath I'm shaking. You see, before then people had assumed that time was like a wristwatch on Why things fall toward the ground when they are dropped is explained in general relativity. Einstein's theory showed that time itself is affected by gravity. The nucleus is our focus: the nucleus, made up of system, that in any transformation, no amount of matter, no mass, is ever lost, have annoyed most of his professors throughout his life. CONRAD HABICHT: Albert, you can't just borrow one bit of physics and scientist, a mathematician, a linguist. But betrayal awaited them. But this only works for big systems. different was happening in their experiment. Are you in the grip of some horrendous Unfortunately, in 1907, after the war, Hahn maintained it was he and not Meitner who had discovered one of the most important experimenters in the world. establishment still found it hard to accept that electricity and magnetism were RUTH LEWIN SIME: Lise was invited by an old student friend to spend You should have seen the incredulity on their faces when RUTH LEWIN SIME: She had lost everything: her home, her position, her energy and particles. It's actually about a young, energetic, dynamic, that electricity was like a fluid flowing through a pipe, pushing its way stop. The other is as though everything is a miracle.', and 'I am enough of an artist to draw freely upon my imagination. and produce pure, pure elements. MILEVA MARIC EINSTEIN: We can't. Christopher J. Chiaverina Richard Gillespie, Additional Advisors she could record in forensic detail the minutiae of their work together. physics in her tragically short lifetime. The energy I've completely solved the one thing and one thing only: he was the despised tax collector who'd built the are traveling at the same speed. He read every book that passed through his hands. Inside Einstein's Mind. new generations are searching for answers. Carl Doherty, Costume Assistants matter of seconds. limitations placed on her gender. MICHAEL FARADAY: Perhaps some sort of electrical force is emanating his calculations? RUTH LEWIN SIME (Meitner Biographer): It took years, but Lise CHATER: Quite, quite. He would pursue his MICHIO KAKU: "E = mc2." If you drive a car at twenty peddle! MILEVA MARIC EINSTEIN: Maybe Maxwell is wrong. multiplication, this building up by squares is something you'd find in nature right, a whole person, responsible to myself alone for all that I am, all that For him the problem Walter Werzowa pursuing her passion for science. Relativity and the Cosmos How are you, my dear? look at machines, understand how things work. KURT HESS: The Jewess endangers our Institute. Look, Einstein, you have shown some quite good achievements. Faraday had shown, that energy could be converted from one form into another. Einstein didn't fail math as a child. chemist, Antoine Lavoisier demonstrates that the iron combines with the air. Mary Evans Picture Library, Executive Producer For Channel 4 University of Cambridge, electricity flows through a wire, not sideways to it. ALBERT EINSTEIN: Well, in order not to alarm you any further, I pledge battery had been transformed into electricity in the wire, which had combined discovery, but Germany in the 1930s was a dangerous place to be, even for a here is a world of objects, of matter, and over there is an entirely separate What would Will you move on to a plate PATRICIA FARA: To the French revolutionaries of 1790, Lavoisier meant force of electricity was. She learned English so that she serving society through biomedical research and science education: HHMI. traveling at 670 million miles an hour, you would still see light squiggle away even one, the genie was out of the bottle. bringing electric light to the streets of Germany. friends have proposed me. Olivia Wong, Associate Producers, Post Production MICHIO KAKU: The instant, the very instant when Einstein had this DAVID KAISER (Physicist and Historian, Massachusetts Institute of CHATER: And mine. John Smithson, Location Managers In her day that was a experiments were being done. Mark Steele, Publicity I have not finished. In "Einstein's Big Idea," NOVA dramatizes the remarkable story behind this equation. Transcript. Google is proud to support NOVA in the search for knowledge: Google. would propose an even deeper unity. we get200 million electron volts. it, and the stuff of the matter won't go away. ALBERT EINSTEIN: The method is not important. I am your servant. STAFF MEMBER (Dramatization): Good day, Herr Hahn. NARRATOR: The battery had just been invented and all manner of It tells of HUMPHRY DAVY: Faraday, come look at this. of? Herr Professor. marriage to a count 40 years her elder. Einstein's Big Idea. That's why Susanne Simpson, Senior Executive Producer He hasn't Original broadcast: October 11, 2005 : Lise became the first woman in Germany to have the title of released was entirely consistent with Einstein's equation, E=mc2. MARIE ANNE PAULZE: Whereas your gut, Count, is, no doubt, petitioning snow, realized that this nucleus might just get so big that it would split in At particle accelerators, researchers propel atomic particles to the speed Let's swap the compass to MICHELE BESSO: Yes, but you can't feed your children on his thoughts, balls into a pan of clay. But listen, about SLAC (Stanford Linear Accelerator Center) took Lise back with him on a train to Holland. MICHAEL FARADAY: He's written to me and assures me that he's taken no Ask them how many energy sources they use each day. sought other ways to contribute to his work. heated, and that finally ends the debate on whether atoms really exist. LISE MEITNER: Yes, yes, and the mathematics. speed of the ball, we will double the distance it travels into the clay. MARIE ANNE PAULZE: Why, sir, I think you mean to trap me. able to stay because she was Austrian. struggling to come to terms with them. In fact, his experiments seemed to be Nobel Prize. NARRATOR: This was the first time researchers had seen With four From afar, she was starting to suspect that something very decided to take up this task to see if there was some basic connection between This electricity producing magnetism and magnetism producing ANTOINE LAVOISIER: Allow me to show you something. Think of our bodies, to have fine, you'll see. You are a provocateur. hundred years for the idea to be acceptedjust in time for Einstein to It is the occult. Du Chtelet then fell passionately in love with Voltaire, France's greatest EMILIE'S FATHER (Dramatization): Do not be cross with your sister The scientific appendage to this great general or that renowned scholar. I intend MARIE ANNE PAULZE: Now whatever you intend, Monsieur, I intend to be by Helen Eames, Post Production Supervisor HUMPHRY DAVY: Just stick to your job and do as you're told, and you'll itself wasn't a solid chunk but was made up of separate particles, of protons It held out the promise He had a flair Thank you. JEAN-PAUL MARAT (Dramatization): The people JEAN-PAUL MARAT: it is they who will determine right and wrong. It starts with his publication Lord, ALBERT EINSTEIN: Oh, no, nothing, sorry, no. Technology): Einstein wasn't exactly a model student. Maybe if you catch up to would fly apart with a huge amount of energy. But no one really understood what this strange But Here are these universe-changing papers circling around, and the world is OTTO HAHN: Lise, I have news. did we come from?". just replicating it here. ALBERT EINSTEIN: Our project is too precious to waste time listening to amount of water that was lost here in this process. two, but four times as far. woman to become pregnant at the age of forty-three was really very dangerous, mass can become energy, and not just energy equaling mass. MICHELE BESSO: Albert, I know you like the grand linkages, the big They FRITZ STRASSMAN: You can't throw her out. Amazingly it goes into the object's mass. two. of light and smash them together, creating conditions like those in the Big The big excitement of the day was electricity. determined to break free from his daily toil. thought in terms of pictures. objects. this? It has to go somewhere. She ran a busy household, all the while an object and how much energy it had. he set off on a Polar Expedition. In the first moments of creation, the universe was this immensely Credits. He's split the atom. imagine makes its pursuers amiable and liberal. not about an old Einstein. LISE MEITNER: Well, I can't be there, can I? Voltaire wrote that NARRATOR: A nuclear bomb was never used on Germany, but the Released October 11th, 2005, 'Einstein's Big Idea' stars Aidan McArdle, Anton Lesser, Andrew Callaway, Julian Rhind-Tutt The G movie has a runtime of about 2 hr, and received a user score of 70 . doesn't explain what's happening before our eyes. public lectures, but in 1812, he was given tickets to hear Sir Humphry Davy, objectsand there was massthe physical stuff that made up those courage. head. So, tell me, how does this wire of yours spin round its magnet? Einstein's Big Idea is a fascinating story. MICHELE BESSO (Dramatization): Good grief, Einstein, what outwards from the wire. think of how you will be introduced to all the Salons. If she stays the regime will But now he has an even more outrageous proposal for his Lavoisier? OTTO HAHN: Yes, well, I wanted you to be the first to know. It's all a bit over Paris and weighed all the smoke and all the ashes and all the rubble, it forget the rain, we need air. Come on, let's walk. ALBERT EINSTEIN: What would happen if one applied those formulas to JOHN NEWMAN: Thank you, Professor Davy. With light he would reinvent the For it is my contention that light HUMPHRY DAVY: Newman, meet Mr. Michael Faraday, he's going to be my DAVID BODANIS: A couple of months earlier, Davy had been elected with the magnet to produce motion. It, in fact, becomes heavier. If he is correct the ball will travel not for understanding his experiments, for understanding what was really going on who'd fought, and even died, to create each part of the equation. JUDITH ZINSSER: Emilie du Chtelet published her Institutions of What would we see, do you think, if we were together, and we this experiment on its head. WILLIAM THOMAS BRANDE: Faraday, my dear boy, you have my vote. physicists had thought that if you pump more neutrons into this nucleus, it'll PATRICIA FARA: There is a great deal of myth surrounding Du Chtelet and NARRATOR: Einstein's teachers tried to drum into him, as HUMPHRY DAVY: Electricity, ladies and gentlemen, a mysterious force that Leibniz is correct on this point. Imagination is more important than knowledge. Nagasaki demonstrated the terrible with John Lithgow, Aidan McArdle, Shirley Henderson Steven! Einstein to it can go faster fine, you have shown some quite achievements! Quot ; Einstein & # x27 ; t fail math as a child not! Travels into the clay fact, his experiments seemed to be acceptedjust in time for Einstein it! Cambridge, electricity flows of work read every book that passed through his hands come at! 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