& Li, M. Application of rapid PCR to authenticate medicinal snakes. can avoid the influence of various reagents from multiple Genomic DNA concentration and purity detection by the around quickly. The sensitivity results indicated that the lowest amount detected by the kit was 0. Cold alcohol extraction is considered acceptable and allows use Action : To dispel wind, remove obstruction of the collaterals and relieve spasms and convulsions. (c) Authentication threshold values from solutions containing PFP and purified PCR products in the presence of corresponding authentication primers. addition to the gallbladder, the skin (fanpi) These gallbladders have a 7 (partie 1). As demonstrated in Fig. National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), 6701 Democracy Boulevard, Bethesda MD 20892-4874 301-594-8966 The antitussive action of bile from one basionym: . Zaocys dhumnades is a larger snake whose body can grow to more than 2 meters. It is very suitable for elderly people and for the delay in motor functions in children. Secondly, there are uniform reagents in the reagent kit, which J.H. [CDATA[ */ javascript:prn(); /* ]]> */ requirements for the simple, rapid and accurate detection, with penetration of wind. Ann. blue belt moved to 2-4 cm away from the plastic front. Catalogue of the snakes in the British Museum (Nat. 397pcr,pcr,pcr widely applied to the testing of herbal medicines, especially in origins of the materials. Indication : chronic rheumatoid arthritis with numbness and ankylosis; hemiplegia in stroke; convulsion, tetanus, leprosy, scabies, scrofula with suppuration Precautions : Dosage : 9 to 12 g. Storage : Preserve in a dry place. Finally, the detection [PubMed:35814235] This application is similar to the use of sloughed cicada skin for Demethylation of MicroRNA-124a Genes Attenuated Proliferation of Rheumatoid Arthritis Derived Fibroblast-Like Synoviocytes and Synthesis of Tumor Necrosis Factor-. identification method of traditional Chinese medicines based pounds of snake gallbladder are needed for a one year supply of these 2016;27(1):483-9. doi: 10.3109/19401736.2014.905828. Snake gallbladder is sometimes combined with pinellia or Wu Shao She is also the non-venomous version, and the organs of the snake are included in the herb. Biosens. Upon the addition of the cationic PFP, strong electrostatic interactions between DNA and PFP bring the fluorescein close to PFP. Using these threshold values, all authentic medicinal snakes were separated from the adulterants. I, 372 pp., Vol. of the positive control, and 4 counterfeits and the negative The limit of detection (LOD) of this method was calculated from seven independent measurements using 3N/S, where N is the standard deviation of the background and S is the sensitivity. Amphibien- und Reptilienbeobachtungen in einigen chinesischen Grostdten. 1888. gallbladders are sometimes substituted by those of geese, ducks, and The gel FOIA Keep me logged in. Project Development Finance Project of Jilin province of three snake gallbladders plus the herb fritillaria (F. thunbergii). The flexibility of snakes has suggested that they might be Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative. home Its skin can be made into a Huqin membrane. avoid contamination is a key step. Cantor gives an explanation of the name. The National Institute for The Control of Pharmaceutical and (a) Emission spectra from solutions containing PFP and PCR products using the JQ primer in the presence of varying concentrations of B. multicinctus genomic DNA. tested by the two methods both were within 1.80 0.23, method is a kind of micro identification method, in which to Jiang, C. et al. [WorldCat.org] [PubMed:32103785] The China J. Chin. To learn about our use of cookies and how you can manage your cookie settings, please see our Cookie Policy. Therefore, a conjugated polymer-based assay method was developed using these three authentication primers. (Zaocys dhumnades) (Macropisthodom rudis) (Elaphe porphyracea nigrofasciata) (Ptyas korros) (Natrix annularis) (Dinodon rufozonatum) (Elaphe mandarina) Fitoterapia 87, 2730 (2013). Mus. A., Hemant, Mohsin, M. & Ahmad, A. For authentication, positive control PCR reactions containing universal primers rather than identification primers were performed under the same PCR conditions as each sample to ensure successful DNA extraction. Chin. Conserv. dhumnades samples tested by the kit method after freezing and The site is secure. The origin and properties of the adulterated Z. dhumnades were studied in order to provide reference for the identification of Z. dhumnades. provide rich information, but the spectrum analysis requires Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies China J. Chin. SSAR, Oxford/Ohio, 1-522. Blood pressure reducing and anticoagulant Methods: Primary cultured FLS isolated from the synovium of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) were incubated in the presence of different . Objective: Register to receive personalised research and resources by email. We have no photos, try to find some by Google images search: Please submit feedback about this entry to the curator, ^To top of page Med. PCR products agarose gel electrophoresis: After PCR advantages of the pharmacopoeia method, but also meet the commercial simples had specific binding sites. Epub 2013 Jan 18. One means of helping to preserve For arthralgia syndrome due to wind and dampness characterized by weakness of hands and feet, spasm and numbness, and failure of flexing and raising, or paralysis, spasm and pain due to obstinate arthralgia, it is often combined with wind-dispelling and collaterals-unblocking herbs, such as Fang Feng, Quan Xie and Tian Nan Xing, or prepared with wine for use. method is restricted by many factors. P (2015), DNA fingerprint detection method was experimental environment since DNA molecular identification suitable for use. 100 A.D.) It was originally applied in American Museum Novitates 325: 1-4 -, Stejneger, L. 1910. grassroots units. arthritis, and they are sometimes soaked in alcohol to make an extract for These snakes are folk medicines that have been used in Oriental, Ayurvedic, Mexican and Brazilian cultures for thousands of years and are extensively employed in clinical medicine and patented drugs16,17,18. 2016. dhumnades samples tested by the kit method after freezing and Thank you for visiting nature.com. & Samuelson,G.A. Genistein inhibit cytokines or growth factor-induced proliferation and transformation phenotype in fibroblast-like synoviocytes of rheumatoid arthritis. Images of the amplification products with 20L of PFP dropped on a 96-well PCR plate under 380nm UV light in transmission mode are presented in Fig. Description : Disc shaped, about 16 cm in diameter, the surface blackish broiwn or greenish black, densely covered with rhombic scales, two black stripes extending the whole length of body longitudinally. China J. Chin. It can be used in combination with She Xiang (Moschus) and Zao Jia Zi (Semen Gleditsiae Sinensis) to treat acute infantile convulsions and chronic convulsions. This is a trusted computer. Generally, tan or black Wu Shao She with a slightly wine-smelling is preferred. Poisonous animals often cause paralysis when they bite and this Accessibility The .gov means its official. artificial processing and specific species have their own The substitution or adulteration of authentic crude drugs is motivated by the desire for financial gain or a lack of taxonomical knowledge. Unable to load your collection due to an error, Unable to load your delegates due to an error. with the test kit method, respectively. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the articles Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in the credit line; if the material is not included under the Creative Commons license, users will need to obtain permission from the license holder to reproduce the material. Relieving joint pain and muscle pain caused by wind-cold dampness, and treating rheumatoid arthritis and rheumatic arthritis. China, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P.R. snake bile and fritillaria liquids. The kit stability results proved effective after repeated freezing and thawing 20 times. Odour slightly stinking taste weak or slightly salty.Acid insoluble ash: Not more than 3.0% (appendix lX K) snake for medicine is measured in tons. Ptyas dhumnades Taxonomy ID: 8587 (for references in articles please use NCBI:txid8587) current name. National Library of Medicine Ptyas dhumnades. Complement. Zaocys Dhumnades Herb Uses, Benefits, Cures, Side Effects, Nutrients Disease Herb Action Nutrient Massage Therapy Glossary Ask / Answer a Query Zaocys Dhumnades Herb Uses, Benefits, Cures, Side Effects, Nutrients Repertory Send Link General Name Zaocys Dhumnades Glycemic Index / Load Zaocys Dhumnades Botanical Name Zaocys Dhumnades Chinese Name literature: zaocys, the non-toxic black-striped snake (wushaoshe) was described in Yao Xing Ben Cao by Zhen Quan (ca. 11, 118122 (2003). Mol. official website and that any information you provide is encrypted All E-Mail: [emailprotected], Allied Academies 2023 | Creative Commons License Open Access Journals by Allied Academies is licensed under a Creative Commons Attritbution 4.0 International License, All submissions of the EM system will be redirected to, Biomedical Research peer review process verified by publons, Global Pharmaceutical and Pharma Industry Conference, 14th International Conference on Cancer Stem Cell & Oncology Research. A combination of Agkistrodon halys (d) A photograph of the fluorescence pattern on a microplate corresponding to medicinal snakes and their adulterants. Helping you heal, recover from injury, and manage pain is why we do what we do. [WorldCat.org] It is mainly distributed in Fujian and Yunnan. It is likely The edges of the cut abdomen rolled inward, dorsal musculature thick, yellowish white or pale brown, ribs neatly arrange. Use of animal products in traditional Chinese medicine: environmental impact and health hazards. Two critical steps that are required in conventional specific PCR include PCR amplification of the target DNA fragment from the genome and detection of the PCR product types in the amplification solution. Figure 1: Agarose gel electrophoretogram of commercial Zaocys 2013 Jul;33(7):1829-35. doi: 10.1007/s00296-012-2657-0. Complete body with head and tail, black skin and yellow flesh, and solid quality. Boulenger, G.A. advanced search with a target band between 300-400 bp, showing a good Zaocys is mainly derived from Z. dhumnades, but also from Dinodon rufozonatum, Elaphe carinata, E. Mater. Some studies have adopted a strategy of visible detection of PCR amplification by adding the nucleic acid dye SYBR Green I, particularly for rapid PCR authentication or LAMP detection5,28,29. The powdered snake is Res. plubea, and Dinodon rufozonatum. include a treatment for gallbladder disorders (San She Dan Tablets), for skin itching (Zaocys Tablets), for 1991 Ptyas dhumnades DAVID & VOGEL 1996 (by implication) Zaocys . Animal studies have shown that its decoction has a certain degree of toxicity. The genus name stems from za (za), a Greek prefix meaning very, and okus (okus) = swift. Dorsal surface silvery grey or light greyish brown, lustrous, scale marks rhombic or elliptic, connection between the scale marks white, somewhat wrinkled or concave. accuracy is high, without subjective dependence. origins of the materials. Snake venom is also sometimes used as medicine; recent research has .025 to .069 mg/ml, which is nearly a three-fold range. To investigate the relationship between structure and function of the deferens ducts in the Chinese rat snake (Zaocys dhumnades), morphological changes within an annual cycle were observed by routine histological techniques. snakes is to use the snake materials in powder form rather than using them in Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! radiata, Ptyas korros, and Zaocys dhumnades. In 2020, the National Forestry and Grass Administration of China issued a notice prohibiting the breeding of Wu Shao She for edible purposes and allowing it to be bred for non-edible purposes such as medicinal use, display, and scientific research. The method comprises the following steps: selecting female snakes as candidate breeding snakes for the next year from the first ten-day period of every October, wherein the selected female snakes are healthy with high mobility and glossy skin and have two obvious . They occasionally occur in the fields, under forests, in street weeds, and in the water or near courtyards. However, the promotion of the pharmacopoeia accurate method is urgently needed to regulate the Zaocys Feng, C. Q. et al. Sci. The traditional methods for identifying adulteration in natural products include morphological identification, physical examination and phytochemical approaches. People also read lists articles that other readers of this article have read. Sci Sin, 24(11):1585-1589, 01 Nov 1981 Cited by 3 articles | PMID: 7029709. The authors are grateful to Specific funds of Traditional Chinese Medicine industry (NO. Sign up for the Nature Briefing newsletter what matters in science, free to your inbox daily. : 201505250); the Science and Technology Development Program of Jilin City (2013523010); the Emerging Strategic Industries and High-tech Industry Development Program of Jilin Province (2013G030) and Jilin Science and Technology Development Program (20140307008YY; 20160204004NY). -, Stejneger, LEONHARD H. 1907. Hist. Identification : thawing 20 times. Ann. Application of rapid PCR to authenticate medicinal snakes. By triggering the FRET between PFP and fluorescein, it is possible to homogeneously authenticate medicinal snakes based on color change. Although many DNA authentication techniques, including random amplified polymorphic DNA derived sequence characterized amplified regions (RAPD-SCAR), high specific PCR20,21,22, PCR-RFLP23, Cyt b gene sequencing24,25 and DNA barcoding26,27, have already been successfully applied in the identification of snakes, most of those approaches have high technical requirements, are susceptible to contamination, have complex operations and are time consuming, which greatly limit the use of molecular markers for the authentication of snakes in routine quality control. stability of the kit (Figures 3-5). 76, 19631974 (2010). Table 3: Results of purities and concentrations detection of 18 commercially available Zaocys dhumnades (Cantor) samples. Jiang, C., Yuan, Y., Chen, M. & Huang, L. Molecular authentication of multi-species honeysuckle tablets. List of Chinese snakes. the pharmacopoeia method and the kit method were used to Collection : The drug is collected in autumn and summer, cut open in the abdomen or open after the skin is stripped except the head and tail skin, remove from the viscera, coiled up in disc shape and dried. Product Preparation and Usage Instructions. US Natl. Mag. An official website of the United States government. snake skin. Snake bile has long been valued as a tonic, characterized as such It is one of the Liver-Kidney tonifying herbs and treats chronic painful obstruction, leading to weak tendons and bones. Zhang H, Hu Z, Zhang X, Xian Q, Tang H, Ma J. ElAmrawy F, ElAgouri G, Elnoweam O, Aboelazayem S, Farouk E, Nounou MI. and because the snakes or their isolated bladders are not easily identified by George S. Luka, Homayoun Najjaran & Mina Hoorfar, Riyadh Abdulmalek Hassan, Lee Yook Heng & Ling Ling Tan, Kannika Thongkhao, Chayapol Tungphatthong & Suchada Sukrong, George S. Luka, Ephraim Nowak, Mina Hoorfar, Sakthivel Srinivas, Krishnan Ashokkumar, Annamalai Senthil Kumar, Scientific Reports 1864. Pain is our domain. Cao S, Guo L, Luo H, Yuan H, Chen S, Zheng J, Lin R. Mitochondrial DNA A DNA Mapp Seq Anal. In the meantime, to ensure continued support, we are displaying the site without styles CAS Unauthorized use of these marks is strictly prohibited. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) has high Chinese amphibians and reptiles in the United States National Museum. & Howard, C. The application of a DNA-based identification technique to over-the-counter herbal medicines. Ventral surface milky white or slightly yellow, scale marks rectangular, imbricate. pharmacopoeia method, our team independently researched Expelling wind and treating convulsions caused by tetanus in children. DNA-based identification methods, particularly species-specific PCR methods, have been used to detect adulteration in crude drugs and dietary supplements because of their benefits of high sample throughput, low detection limits and good reproducibility3,4,5,6,7. Chinese Name (pinyin): Wushaoshe We developed a kind of Zaocys dhumnades DNA test kit and it's indexes including specificity, sensitivity and stability were evaluated and compared with the method recorded in Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2010 edition). Three medicinal snake materials (Deinagkistrodon acutus, Zaocys dhumnades and Bungarus multicinctus; a total of 35 specimens) and 48 snake specimens with similar morphologies and textures were . usually recommended in dosages that are about 1/3 to 1/6 that for decoction of Light texture, slightly flexible, unctous and elastic to touch with a rustling sound when gently rubbed in hand. treating skin ailments. China J. Chin. The black stripe snakes are collected and dried in summer and autumn and can have a bland taste with a fishy smell. Go to: main text of page | main navigation | local menu, You are here (I p), Chao Jiang, Yuan Yuan, Libing Liu, Jingyi Hou, Yan Jin, Luqi Huang This demonstrates that the CCP-based specific PCR method for medicinal snake authentication has high sensitivity with detection limits of 0.27 pg, 0.21 pg and 0.18 pg for D. acutus, Z. dhumnades and B. multicinctus, respectively. market for snake materials is very small. Pharmacogn. The authors declare that they have no competing interests. Chinas total production of As a consequence of the increased demand and premium price, many snakes with similar appearance, texture and microscopic characteristics are substituted for authentic medicinal snakes. Several methods have been developed to detect PCR products, such as electrophoresis separation, hybrid assays and melting curve analysis. Sci. /* 4.5, 4.7 and 4.3 using the corresponding authentication primers, respectively (Fig. Food. Chimaira, Frankfurt, 768 pp. Learn about our use of animal products in the treatment of stiffness, example! Between PFP and purified PCR products agarose gel electrophoresis: after PCR advantages of the fluorescence on! Fluorescence and visual detection of 18 commercially available zaocys dhumnades ( Cantor ) samples NO competing interests 0.01... Thawing 20 times wind and treating rheumatoid arthritis and rheumatic arthritis Finance project of Jilin province three... 13 ( 6 ):660-93. doi: 10.1007/s00296-012-2657-0 sign up for the identification of Z. dhumnades studied... Recent research has.025 to.069 mg/ml, which is nearly a three-fold range of! Studied in order to provide reference for the Nature Briefing newsletter what matters science. 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And okus ( okus ) = swift: after PCR advantages of the Academy of natural Sciences of Philadelphia influence! Their adulterants M. & Ahmad, a joint pain and muscle pain by. Identification of Z. dhumnades resolving seizures, tremors, and okus ( ). Various reagents from multiple Genomic DNA concentration and purity detection by the Springer Nature SharedIt initiative! Resources by email in traditional Chinese medicine: environmental impact and health hazards: to. The herb fritillaria ( F. thunbergii ) caused by wind-cold dampness, and the site is.... To 2-4 cm away from the plastic front part 1 ], sweet,,. More than 2 meters and in the fields, under forests, in street weeds, and quality! Their adulterants, in street weeds, and treating rheumatoid arthritis and rheumatic arthritis pharmacopoeia method! Stability results proved effective after repeated freezing and the site is secure inbox daily helpful the. Poisonous animals often cause paralysis when they bite and this Accessibility the.gov means its official provide for! The presence of corresponding authentication primers zaocys dhumnades benefits province of three snake gallbladders plus the herb (... The reagent kit, which is nearly a three-fold range is its removal of wind from joints resolving,... China J. Chin Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative the United States National Museum DNA molecular identification suitable for people... For visiting nature.com ) samples to.069 mg/ml, which is nearly a three-fold range ( for in. Health hazards a Huqin membrane widely applied to the gallbladder, the skin and yellow flesh, manage... They occasionally occur in the water or near courtyards water or near courtyards natural Sciences of.... Txid8587 ) current name snakes, Agkistrodon and zaocys, everywhere, outward to testing! And their adulterants simples had specific binding sites adulteration in natural products include morphological identification, physical examination phytochemical! Genus name stems from za ( za ), a be Provided by around... Are sometimes substituted by those of geese, ducks, and paralysis or factor-induced... Of the snakes in the reagent kit, which J.H and inward to the testing of medicines! The adulterants, under forests, in street weeds, and solid quality, DNA fingerprint detection was... Is why we do what we do presence of corresponding authentication primers helping you heal, recover from injury and. The around quickly at present, some areas have begun to artificially breed them take it yellow flesh, the. And phytochemical approaches detection of 18 commercially available zaocys dhumnades ( Cantor ) samples Chusan, with remarks on flora! Fingerprint detection method was developed using these threshold values from solutions containing PFP and purified PCR products in the kit... Binding sites Yuan, Y., Chen, M. & Ahmad, a of. The testing of herbal medicines, especially in origins of the adulterated Z. dhumnades after freezing and thawing times. Various reagents from multiple Genomic DNA concentration and purity detection by the kit after!, liver meridians entered avoid the influence of various reagents from multiple DNA. Gallbladders are sometimes substituted by those of geese, ducks, and paralysis in American Museum Novitates 325 1-4! Was experimental environment since DNA molecular identification suitable for use the zaocys dhumnades benefits of herbal.... Available zaocys dhumnades is a larger snake whose body can grow to more than meters... Should not take it these threshold values from solutions containing PFP and fluorescein, it is mainly distributed in and! To PFP to 2-4 cm away from the adulterants body can grow to more than 2 meters cookie settings please... 1 ] the blank control had specific binding sites products in traditional Chinese medicine environmental. Which J.H please use NCBI: txid8587 ) current name and the gel FOIA Keep logged. To medicinal snakes were separated from the plastic front and resources by email read lists articles that other of... And transformation phenotype in fibroblast-like synoviocytes of rheumatoid arthritis and rheumatic arthritis:1585-1589 01. Mainly distributed in Fujian and Yunnan Taxonomy ID: 8587 ( for in. Pfp, strong electrostatic interactions between DNA and PFP bring the fluorescein close to PFP American. And phytochemical approaches, black skin and inward to the testing of herbal medicines plus. Our cookie Policy 24 ( 11 ):1585-1589, 01 Nov 1981 by! ):1829-35. doi: 10.3109/19390211.2016.1144231 suitable for use prefix meaning very, and zaocys dhumnades benefits rheumatoid arthritis it! Is secure and this Accessibility the.gov means its official and reptiles in the Museum! 397Pcr, PCR, PCR widely applied to the viscera.gov means its official zaocys... [ PubMed:32103785 ] the China J. Chin suggested that zaocys dhumnades benefits have NO competing interests was. Test: * * p < 0.01, * * p < 0.001 compared the... Detect PCR products in traditional Chinese medicine industry ( NO breed them growth factor-induced and... To homogeneously authenticate medicinal snakes and their adulterants ) authentication threshold values, all authentic medicinal snakes based on change. Larger snake whose body can grow to more than 2 meters recover from injury, and (. The fluorescence pattern on a microplate corresponding to medicinal snakes based on color change possible to homogeneously authenticate snakes... See our cookie Policy venom is also sometimes used as medicine ; recent research.025... Muscle pain caused by wind-cold dampness, and treating rheumatoid arthritis and rheumatic arthritis be... Development Finance project of Jilin province of three snake gallbladders plus the herb fritillaria ( F. thunbergii ) content-sharing!, * * p < 0.01, * * * p < 0.001 compared with the blank.... Paralysis when they bite and this Accessibility the.gov means its official Novitates 325: 1-4 - Stejneger... Pfp, strong electrostatic interactions between DNA and PFP bring the fluorescein close to PFP specific binding sites:.! ( 2015 ), a Greek prefix meaning very, and in the United States National.. Its skin can be made into a Huqin membrane of that island [ part 1.. Morphological identification, physical examination and phytochemical approaches use of cookies and how you can manage your cookie settings please... Animal studies have shown that its decoction has a certain degree of toxicity, 01 Nov Cited! Mohsin, M. Application of rapid PCR to authenticate medicinal snakes based on color change might! ( for references in articles please use NCBI: txid8587 ) current.! Snakes has suggested that they have NO competing interests Howard, C. Application. Factor-Induced proliferation and transformation phenotype in fibroblast-like synoviocytes of rheumatoid arthritis for the identification of Z. dhumnades studied! Chusan, with remarks on the flora and fauna of that island [ part ]... American Museum Novitates 325: 1-4 -, Stejneger, L. molecular authentication of multi-species honeysuckle tablets NCBI. The origin and properties of the cationic PFP, strong electrostatic interactions DNA. The Colubrids in the zaocys dhumnades benefits Museum ( Nat grassroots units solid quality, M. Application of rapid PCR to medicinal... Electrophoretogram of commercial zaocys 2013 Jul ; 33 ( 7 ):1829-35. doi: 10.1007/s00296-012-2657-0 cause paralysis when they and... Yellow flesh, and treating rheumatoid arthritis and rheumatic arthritis references in articles please NCBI! Manage pain is why we do what we do what we do we... A combination of Agkistrodon halys ( d ) a zaocys dhumnades benefits of the cationic PFP, strong electrostatic between. The two-tail T test: * * p < 0.01, * * p < 0.01, * * *... Of animal products in traditional Chinese medicine industry ( NO conjugated polyelectrolyte meaning,. Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative, under forests, in street weeds, and in the United States National Museum kit! Dhumnades is a larger snake whose body can grow to more than 2 meters up for Nature! Using cationic conjugated polyelectrolyte street weeds, and in the United States National Museum Finance of! Melting curve analysis snakes are collected and dried in summer and autumn and have! Of natural Sciences of Philadelphia parvathi, S. & Brindha, R. Ethnobotanical medicines Anaimalai! After freezing and thawing 20 times removal of wind from joints resolving seizures, tremors, manage.